Monday, December 30, 2019

Rice And The Future Of Thailand - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3521 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Agriculture Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) predicts that rice consumption will be up 2.7% in 2010 as the market rebounds form recent declines. In an overall world economy that is still struggling to rise above a failing economy, the promise that rice shows for a growth in the economy of its market shows hope for countries that depend on rice as a staple in their national products. Thailand has a substantial interest in the rice market and must prepare for the coming year with the strength of their ability to provide for the demands that will be put on the stocks of rice. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rice And The Future Of Thailand" essay for you Create order One of the problems that plague the growth of the rice market in 2010 is the rise in the number of natural disasters that have diminished the stock of the grain. Monsoons, earthquakes and landslides have affected the stock, causing an impending possibility of a shortage. The predicted affect of these issues suggests that a 1.9% decrease in production for 2009 has taken place in compared to the growth in 2008. Countries such as Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Korea, and Vietnam have all shown good crops for the year while India , Bangladesh, Taiwan, Iraq, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka all saw shorter crop production due to unforeseen circumstance. In a country such as Thailand, using the advantage of surplus in a high demand market must be considered in order to create the most profit for the nation. According to Devries (2001), the demand for rice through the later 20th century grew at a pace of about 5.6% per year making rice a good pri me source of income for a nation (141). According to Science Daily: Science News (2006), rice serves a the largest staple crop, providing 20 percent of the calories that are consumed worldwide. Although 20 percent represents the world, 30 percent represents the Asian market. The cultures in Asia typically consume rice with every meal. According to Toriyanna (2005), Europe consumed 1% of its calories in rice from 1970 to 1990, but in the span of 11 years, that figure had doubles to 2% (8). Most of the rice sold in the world comes from Asia. Ninety-one percent of the market belongs to countries from this part of the world. The other break down of production comes with 3% from South America, 2% from Central and North American, 3% from Africa and 1% from Europe (Toriyama 2005: 10). According to an article in the New York Times (2008), Thailand is the largest exporter of rice in the world holding 30% of the market with jasmine rice being the most coveted style of rice sold out of Thai land. The timing is right in order for Thailand to make a larger than usual profit due to the issues that other nations have had to face which reduced the amount of rice product available to the world market. This research intends to provide a foundation for an increase of production and distribution of rice from Thailand. In creating an understanding of the current market place, the advantages of aggressive handling of the Thailand exports can be expected to increase overall profits. As the market is showing a decrease in available stock, the availability of reserves from Thailand will support larger pricing and increased profits for the nation. Included within the study will be a cost benefit analysis of increasing production and distribution. As well, an analysis of the environmental impact on increasing production will be assessed so that future crops can be protected. An analysis of labor costs and production feasibilities will help to determine the possibility of increas ing the current market share. A commodity chain will allow for an examination of the financial position that will affect the production of more rice from the actual production to the processing. The final type of analysis will consist of LOGIT regression which will include a dependent variable that can signal a probability condition. The probability of adoption will be measured in order to use a set of independent variables that are considered to be relevant to the study. Research Questions The following research questions will be relevant to the proposed study: 1. How is the current market an advantage to Thailand and its trade in rice? 2. What method of price control is most likely going to be of the highest benefit to Thailand in the rice commodities? 3. What economic strategy will give Thailand the best overall advantage in the year 2010 with the projected increases in demand? 4. What effect will the current shortages have on the impact of price control for Tha iland? 5. What effect have the recent catastrophes in other countries that produce rice had on the market in regard to Thailand? In working with the statistical evaluations of the economic realities of the current rice trade, the prospects for Thailand have the potential for a great many positive events. Literature Review History of Rice Rice has its origins back many thousands, extending quite possibly into millions of years. According to Smith and Dilday, the earliest progenitor of rice was a grass that left some evidence of some very distinct form that grew in a variety of humid areas of the southern landmass which is called the Gondwanna supercontinent which would have existed more than 130 million years ago. When the land mass broke apart the grass grew to produce the grain that is known today, one variety being the oryza glaberrima steud, or the African variety, and the more common Asian rice, the o. sativa l (4). Two main varieties of rice are in existence. African and Asian rice are the foundation of all mutated varieties that exist today. African rice is not as popular as the Asian variety. Cultivation of the grain began in the Niger valley within the first populations of agriculturally based communities and has been shown to have grown throughout the African growing communities start ing around the year 1500 B. C. (Smith and Dilday, 2002: 12). However, the more popular version of the grain that was grown in Asia was brought to the continent by Europeans in the 16th century. Asian rice developed from two central areas, one being in the south regions of Asia and the other being in the eastern regions of Asia. Two main types of rice developed from this diversity. The rice that is generally considered a cooking rice, called sen, has a dryer quality. The other variety which is a sticky rice is called keng. These rice varieties began in provinces of China, with he stickier version working its way into Japan (Toriyama 2005: 48). Growing Rice There is no time period within the history of agriculture that there was not evidence of the growth of rice. Many generations of human cultivations has created a vastly webbed genetic history for the grain. Rice is a staple in many cultures because of its rich nutrients and healthy carbohydrates. While brown rice is the pr eferred healthy version of the grain, white rice rates very high on the glycemic index. It is white rice, however, that holds the longer source of history. As this grain is the foundation of many types of nutritional cultures, the demand for the commodity increases the likelihood of it being a successful economic venture for a nation. The most common point of view has been to see that a rice grain is grown in a flooded field, thus flooding is assumed to be needed for the rice to grow. This is not true, however, but the flooding provides a method of controlling the field so that infestations of rodents and weeds will not harm the crop. Most often the fields are put into tiers so that the growing can be controlled and can also work its way up a hillside in vertical ascending levels. The growth of the grain and its cultivation through modern methods does not balance with the cost of petroleum to run the machinery against the costs of cultivation. This would drive the market price up without increasing the profit. Therefore, the grain is still most often harvested by hand and the fields controlled by flooding, thus lowering labor costs and providing a controlled market price. Rice as a Commodity According to early information provided by the OEDC as a projection for the growth of the rice market, the expansion of rice demand was only set to grow by 1.6%. This information was released in early 2009. However, because of the events that took place throughout the year, this projection was changed and the FAO predicted an expansion of 2.7%. With this new information, new economic decisions must be made in order to support a growth in demand. This can allow for an opportunity to arise for a nation to take its commodity into higher profits. Rice depends on the Asian market for most of its product. According to Barker., Herdt, .Rose, Rose, 95% of the world average demand for rice is throughout Asia (39). While this percentage can vary according to years linke d to the average and through the types of considerations that are used to develop the figure, it is clear that rice is mostly consumed within the Asian market. Rice as a commodity was at record highs in early 2008, but dropped down to reflect norms by about the middle of the year. While the commodity had been down in the market previous to this, it was expected to rebound in 2009 (OED 2009). The expectation was far exceeded and by the end of 2009, the market had not only rebounded, but it is now projected that in 2010 the increase will be far more significant than earlier imagined (FAO 2009). As a product, rice is a valued and growing market commodity. Rice in Thailand According to Roth (2006), most Thailand farmers own their land and can reap the benefits of a harvest that is profitable (65). As of April 9, 2010, Thailand will be buying up rice in order to increase the price. They estimate they will purchase 900,000 tones of paddy from their farmers so that the price may b e better controlled by controlling the supply of rice (Commodity Online). A current change in the way that rice was purchased, a price insurance scheme that took the place of the paddy pledging program, has had millers upset because of plummeting profits that resulted from this change (Commodity Online). This move to purchase the rice is partially due to the failures of the new program. As stated by the FAO, the price of rice was in late 2009 set to rise as the demand was greater than the supply According to Commodity Online, Thailand as one of the biggest exporters of rice had a great deal of stock in reserve. As of November of 2009, the country was planning on releasing its stockpile to meet the demands of consumers. However, as shown by the decision in April for the government to buy rice from its millers, the release would be calculated with the rise in price controlled. Using this type of a strategy helps for an industry to maintain price control so that the prices neither r ise beyond control, or plummet into despair creating lows. Methodology In order to do research on the efforts that Thailand should make in order to take care advantage of the current state of the rice market, both primary and secondary research should be conducted. Secondary research consists of a literature review of the current literature that is available on the topic. The literature review that is contained in this paper was conducted through a search of libraries, online sources, and databases. A search of the relevant literature allows for the work that has be already done by other researchers to be examined and correlated so that an understanding of the topic can be thoroughly formed. Once the secondary sources have been examined, their relevant content is then grouped into categories and recorded. By placing the sources in grouped categories of information the study will be given a foundation upon which to build relevant conclusions. The main source for the data collection is the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ), which contained the original information that lead to the investigation of rice production within Thailand. From that source, the information will be researched through examining the individual components of the information by finding relevant content from additional sources. Once a thorough and concise research of secondary resources has been explored and put into the literature review that is within this paper, a primary source of research will begin. The primary research will be done through a gathering of quantifiable data that can be sorted into mathematical sets of commonalities in order to discover the truths about the topic. Use of such analytical tools including Porters five forces theory, PEST and SWOT analysis will be used and the findings will be assessed for relevant conclusions. According to Ethridge (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research requires an atmosphere of questioning, seeking, and exploring without constraints on what is discovered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ (p. 12). The act of research should be done without an expectation of the results, but rather an expectation that what will be discovered is new and noteworthy. As the data is collected, it will be done without expectations that it will fit into findings that are preconceived. The data will be collected on the predilection of discovery, rather than on the expectations of a particular result. The type of research that will be done for this study will be considered subject matter research (Ethridge 2004: 22). This type of research is done in order to support practical solutions to a real problem. This type of research provides those who make policy with the resources from which to make decisions. By providing statistical analysis of the topic in question, decisions can be reached based on recommendations that reflect probabilities that have calculable outcomes. As the research has been developed with proofs of specific ideas that will affect public policy, the concepts are given examinatio n from the perspective of actions that might be taken. In other words, the research will recommend or not recommend actions that Thailand might take in order to support decisions that will take advantage of the current rice market climate. The way in which the methodology is designed will be in attempting to answer the following research questions: Research Questions The following research questions will be relevant to the proposed study: 1. How is the current market an advantage to Thailand and its trade in rice? 2. What method of price control is most likely going to be of the highest benefit to Thailand in the rice commodities? 3. What economic strategy will give Thailand the best overall advantage in the year 2010 with the projected increases in demand? 4. What effect will the current shortages have on the impact of price control for Thailand? 5. What effect have the recent catastrophes in other countries that produce rice had on the market in regard to T hailand? As the data is collected, the answers to these questions will be most relevant to the type of data that is included within the study. Data that is not relevant will not be used and data results that do not show specific answers will be recorded but not used within the study. Data Collection In order to collect appropriate data for the research, the secondary sources must be further examined to find data that is relevant to the topic. Worldwide organizations such as the FAO and the OEDC will be farmed for relevant data that can be associated to an increase in the actions of the Thailand government in regard to taking advantage of the higher demands worldwide. In addition, the usage of rice can be promoted through other means of promotion that might also benefit the Thailand rice trade. These methods of increasing specialized versions of rice and limiting the spread of varieties through imitations of their own original, that of Jasmine rice, will increase profits and promote their interests. In collecting data for the research, public sources will be used so that the information is standard and clear. Information that has been tabulated by reliable researchers will be used to create a foundation for the information that is created for the purposes of this study. In c ollecting data for a study such as this, certain limitations will apply as follows. Limitations The following is a list of limitations that might influence the data collection process, thereby directing false results or results that are less than accurate.. 1. The research will have a negative impact due to the limitations of the researcher in conducting all evaluations. The researcher will have to rely on outside sources for the initial statistics that are used to calculate the results. 2. The results will be limited by the number of resources with relevant information to the topic. 3. The research will be limited by the information that is made public which may or may not reflect the truth of the current situation in Thailand. The research is limited by the information that is released that is relevant to the work. 4. The market changes daily, as in evidence of the just released information that the Thailand government would be purchasing a great deal of the rice that has been produced in order to control the price. Commodities are not simply a product that is ruled by the concept of simple supply and demand, but a complex web of concepts that must be analyzed before a government makes a decision with the intent of protecting its interests. As this study will depend on the work done by previous researchers and by public information and statistics, the researcher will have to depend on the accuracy of those works and that there are no variables that are not being revealed. As the economy of Thailand depends on the health of its rice trade, the information that is revealed is with the intent of promoting better trade with the advantage of the nation in mind. As the statistics that are used for this research will reflect some of the aspects of Thailand rice commodities, the reliability of those figures will have to be used with the assumption that correct information is available. Data Analysis The secondary sources will be examined for their relevant content and then grouped into categories that can be assessed for information that will create the foundation for the conclusions of the study. The statistics that are compiled from public resources in regard to Thailand rice production will be found through both worldwide organizations and Thailand national resources. Once a thorough and concise research of secondary resources has been explored and put into the literature review that is within this paper, a primary source of research will begin. The primary research will be comprised of analysis that is done through The primary research will be done through a gathering of quantifiable data that can be sorted into mathematical sets of commonalities in order to discover the truths about the topic. Use of such analytical tools including Porters five forces theory, PEST and SWOT analysis will be used and the findings will be assessed for relevant conclusions. According to Ethridge (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research requires an atmosphere of questioning, seeking, and exploring without constraints on what is discovered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ (p. 12). The act of research should be done without an expectation of the results, but rather an expectation that what will be discovered is new and noteworthy. As the data is collected, it will be done without expectations that it will fit into findings that are preconceived. The data will be collected on the predilection of discovery, rather than on the expectations of a particular result. The type of research that will be done for this study will be considered subject matter research (Ethridge 2004: 22). This type of research is done in order to support practical solutions to a real problem. This type of research provides those who make policy with the resources from which to make decisions. By providing statistical analysis of the topic in question, decisions can be reached based on recommendations that reflect pro babilities that have calculable outcomes. As the research has been developed with proofs of specific ideas that will affect public policy, the concepts are given examination from the perspective of actions that might be taken. In other words, the research will recommend or not recommend actions that Thailand might take in order to support decisions that will take advantage of the current rice market climate. Time scale plan The time frame for the study will be based on a reasonable amount of time allotted so that the information can properly researched and assessed. The first portion of the study will be to thoroughly discover the many secondary resources that are available on the topic of rice in regard to Thailands use of the commodity as an economic advantage over the course of the next year. This research should take approximately a week to complete. Another week should be spent creating data streams from which the research will be compiled and conclusions drawn. The third week of the research project will be spent creating statistical conclusions that can be useful to making decisions about the rice exportation from Thailand. The last week of the study will be spent making conclusions and determining the relevant patterns from the statistical analysis that has been made. During this analysis the results of the study will be decided and recorded.

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Second Coming...

Things fall apart, this phrase being used in both the novel title Things Fall Apart and the poem written by Yeats, â€Å"The Second Coming† keeps us wondering how both are related. Achebe uses Yeats’ poem as an epigraph to foreshadow how the events in the novel later on might occur. Reading the epigraph, we come to understand that Yeats is referring to an image of disaster and to a society that is losing control. In Things Fall Apart, the community faces some changes that affect the lives of certain main characters and leads to a very severe disaster. Achebe uses a lot of imagery and dualism in his novel to portray certain messages to the readers and to clarify his point. Also, Achebe wanted to answer back any writer who criticized the Africans and insulted them. He wanted the voice of the Africans to be heard and to take a stand when the Christians came in and tried to change a lot in the traditions that were present. Both, the poem and the novel are related in a way t hat shows how the downfall of the main character, Okonkwo, happened and what lead to it. Both writers have many things in common in their writings that can be compared in a social and religious way. Achebe uses double meaning in order to pass on his messages to the readers. The epigraph starts by introducing a falcon which doesn’t feel safe and starts to get more out of control. When comparing the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and William butler Yeats poem The Second Coming, at first thereShow MoreRelated Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe vs. The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats492 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe vs. â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats When comparing the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe and William butler Yeats poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, at first there seem to be no similarities except for the phrase â€Å"things fall apart† which is used in both. But as one closely examinee the reasons why both authors use this sentence, one realizes that both of them try to show a great change, which, in the poem is related to reality, while in the novelRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And William Butler Yeats The Second Coming1128 Words   |  5 Pagesit has been illustrated in the past. This in turn connects the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead More A Comparison of Chaos in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming850 Words   |  4 PagesChaos in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats have been considered literary classics. Although there may be a gap between the times of publication, the themes and connotations are strikingly similar. In both works, there is a progression of chaos in time caused by change and eventually leads to an end. Inner conflict plays an important role in both works. In Things Fall Apart, the main characterRead More Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming Essay521 Words   |  3 Pages Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Second Coming nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; By William Butler Yeats nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Turning and turning in the widening gyre nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The falcon cannot hear the falconer, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mere anarchy is loosened uponRead MoreImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescountries.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). Chinua Achebe helped change the western perception of African culture by using the characters and story of Things Fall Apart to give readersRead MoreCompare Things Fall Apart And The Second Coming805 Words   |  4 Pages The novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and the poem â€Å"The Second Coming† by W. B. Yeats are both highly praised pieces of literature. After reading the two works, one can come to the conclusion that there is a st rong correlation amongst them, hence Achebe naming his novel after a line in the poem. Both pieces highlight a strong, stable society that is disturbed by change which comes with much chaos and confusion. In Things Fall Apart, one can interrupt that when you think things are perfectRead MoreChinua Achebe, In His Novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† Masterfully1424 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe, in his novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† masterfully depicts the socials changes and conflicts that occurred due to the infiltration of colonialism in the Nigerian village of Umuofia. The Meriam Webster dictionary defines the term colonialism as â€Å"Control by one power over a dependent area or people† (Meriam Webster). Achebe successfully manages to show the readers of his novel how colonialism occurred within the village of Umuofia, and he does so by revealing downfalls within the beliefs ofRead MoreTragedy And The Common Man By Arthur Miller1675 Words   |  7 Pagesho w it has been illustrated in the past. This in turn hooks the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1543 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature. Chinua Achebe, the author of Things Fall Apart, said in an interview that the main reason for writing this novel was to encourage other African writers to write about their past in order to refute the stories of the Europeans, claiming that Africans are uncivilized animals, but also shows that the Ibo were not a perfect society, highlighting the parts of Ibo culture that are considered heinous crimes today, in order to prove that there were no truly civilized societies. In his novel Things FallRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart990 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebe Biography Chinua Achebe, the author of  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, was known for writing about the imposition of white men on African society. Achebe was a Nigerian man who became one of the most well-known authors in the world. His works were inspired by African culture and he helped define African literature. Chinua’s most famous literary work is  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, but he has many other books that he is known for, including â€Å"No Longer at Ease†,  ¨Arrow of God ¨, and  ¨A Man of the People ¨

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Socrates and the Soul Free Essays

Socrates believed the most important task, in life, was to care for ones soul. Socrates argues that the soul is immortal and that we must rise above our physical nature in order to gain true knowledge. He believed the soul was our very essence, and our bodies the instrument utilized in dealing with the physical world. We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates and the Soul or any similar topic only for you Order Now Socrates seemed confidant that human beings survive physical death, therefore possessing an immortal soul. He felt a philosophers concern was not with the body but with the soul and the body played no part in the attainment of knowledge. The body to him was an obstacle in the search for knowledge and there is a division between the body and soul. The soul being immortal and that wisdom and virtue come from the soul. Socrates proposes that after death the soul exists by itself, apart from the body, while the body, remains by itself, apart from the soul. In the Phaedo, Socrates’ friends suggest that the soul will die along with the body. Socrates believes that the soul is immortal and if a person detaches himself from the physical pleasures of the world his soul may become free to follow the gods into Hades. However, if the soul has indulged in the physical pleasures it will be riveted to the body and may not want to go join the gods in Hades and so the soul will remain here among the living. One of the most important parts of Socrates’ theory explains that in order for the soul to leave the body you must separate yourself from the physical aspects in life, so that they won’t compel you back to this world. This will ensure the soul will break away from the physical realm and join the gods in Hades. In death, Socrates was very confident that he would achieve this and in turn would join the gods when he drank the poison that nded his life. The soul explains Socrates, rules over the body; however the body may deceive the soul through the senses. The soul may use these senses while dealing with things that are physical, but it should not always believe them. If the soul relies too heavily on the senses, then it may start to value the physical realm more than the knowledge that comes from the soul. However, men need to service the body in order to remain here on Earth and because of this the body may distort the needs of the soul to be that of the body. Socrates differentiates the body and soul in terms of their respective desires; where they place their happiness. He felt that the body is the prison of the soul. â€Å"Because every pleasure and pain, as it were, another nail to rivet the soul to the body and weld them together†. (Plato, Phaedo, 83d). The body’s pleasures and pains make the soul believe that truth is what the body says. Socrates felt that the soul needs protection from the corruption of the body by practising such virtues as courage, temperance, and by thinking about incorporeal or ideal subjects. However the body’s voice always interrupts these pure contemplations with its own concerns: â€Å"feed me,† â€Å"time to buy new clothes,† â€Å"get me a drink,† â€Å"let’s make love,† â€Å"I’m tired. † etc. He observes that the body’s primary concerns are the pleasures of eating, drinking, and sex; whereas the soul sets its desires on attaining wisdom. Socrates implies that these two desires are in opposition of each other. This is why the soul of a philosopher must turn away from the body and it’s desires to set the soul free from its bodily desires in order to attain true knowledge. The main arguments concerning the immortality of the soul come from the Phaedo. Socrates believed that when his body ceased to exist anymore, his soul would leave and join that of the gods where he would be eternally. He believed so strongly of this that he did not fear death but welcomed it. He believed that the soul is shackled with the body as if it were a prison so that thought is contaminated or compromised. Man is made up of Body and Soul, but the soul is corrupted by the material wants of the body and it then loses the ability to perform its true function. What Socrates felt was to communicate with the divine. Socrates believed that the human soul was invisible, immortal, and the director of the physical body. He felt that Philosophy is a divine activity and as such must prepare the soul with wisdom for dying and death. The philosopher listens to the body’s temptations as little as possible because the body complains that it lacks pleasure, but that fulfilment of pleasure always leads to more suffering so that the body again complains. This is a continuous cycle and his belief was that a person should care for their soul first and foremost and that a person’s soul was what made him/her who they really were. The soul was the whole centre of one’s character it was the basis of thoughts, feelings, values, decisions and the state of the soul made a person either foolish or wise. By self examination and soul searching as well as ridding oneself of ignorance, he felt that like the body the soul would be kept healthy. Socrates believed that only when the soul separated from the body, is a person able to be truly enlightened and gain all knowledge. This enlightenment has been Socrates’ life long goal of discovering the truth. He recognized it as the separation of the two worlds as the spirit was freed from the corpse (body), and its material concerns so that specific thought can finally apprehend the truth. He felt that â€Å"the soul reasons best when none of the senses troubles it, neither hearing nor sight, nor pain nor any pleasure, but when it is most by itself, taking leave of the body and as far as possible having no contact or association with it in its search for reality†. (Phaedo 65c). Socrates believed that in dying you learn complete knowledge because that is the time that your soul leaves your body and there are no more interferences. Even at the hour of his death he showed no hesitation and welcomed death, with no obstacles in his way this would be his ultimate pursuit of knowledge. Biography Plato,The Trail and Death of Socrates. Translated by G. M. A Grube. Third Edition. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 2000 Plato Phaedo. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 1977. How to cite Socrates and the Soul, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining. Answer: Introduction: Prospecting is ideally the initial stage of geological analysis and involves searching for mineral, special metals, fossils or even mineral specimens physically. It is a form of mineral exploration that is done on a small scale and is an organized large-scale effort that is done by mineral companies in a bid to establish the commercial viability of ore deposits. Mineral exploration is the step by step process by which information on the mineral potential of a region is collected(Bhmer, 2013, p.189). The sequence begins with an idea or a geologic model that identifies land that can be further explored after which the appropriate target areas are stakes as mineral claims before mineral rights are secured. Improve the comprehension of the effects of widespread igneous activity on the surface of the earth Provide a framework for the exploitation of viable mineral sites and deposits Find out regional scale vectors for mineralization(Marjoribanks, 2014, p.166) Map geochemical and alteration footprints under mineral cover Prospecting and exploration strategies Planning: Involves collecting and analyzing the information that is available in the public domain on the potential exploration areas. This is aimed at identifying the areas that have explorable potential interest. Recording of Mineral Claims: This involves securing of mineral rights which are done by staking and recording mineral claims with the necessary authorities(Revuelta, 2017, p.152). Reconnaissance: This is a strategy to identify the possible anomalies that show the presence of mineralization in the identified areas during the stages of planning. These anomalies are used as the targets for further exploration. Sampling and Assaying: Sampling involves collecting part of the mineral deposit while assaying dealing with the tests aimed at determining the metallic contents of a rock sample. This strategy is done at different stages. Economic Evaluation: This estimates the operating costs and the capital needed for a mine. It also establishes the expected revenue returns from the ore deposits, the lifespan of the mine and the costs of post-closure rehabilitation(Hinze, 2013, p.162). State Name of mine site/ Geographical locality of the mine site Principal shareholding company Mode of formation ore-bearing rock type commercial use Victoria Ballarat Castle Maine Goldfield Transformation of the common metals of the earth by sun rays Veins and reefs Making jewelry and other decorative items Queensland Omya Australia Pty Ltd/ Rock Hampton Nuplex IndustriesLimited Occur in rocks of shelf origin Calcite Manufacture of cement, glass New South Wales Glandell Coal Mine/ Glandell YanzhouCoal Mining Company Conversion of dead plant matter to peat Kaolinite Generation of electricity Western Australia Agnew Gold Mine/Leinster Gold Fields Gold-bearing fluids on sites Veins and reefs Making jewelry and other decorative items South Australia Angas Zinc Mine/Adelaide Terramin Australia Ltd Occurs as a primary ore Rakes Manufacture of a range of products including paint, cosmetics, rubber etc Following the impact of mining n the environment, environmental authorizations are a fundamental requirement in all the stages of development in the operations of mining. There are standards approvals that are always offered at the beginning of the early stages of operations in order to ensure that there are minimal disturbances caused to the land. Still more sophisticated approval is a need in cases where more invasive operations areas or in very sensitive environments(Marjoribanks, 2010, p.147). Prospection and exploration projects that call for sophisticated environmental issues need statements on environmental impact which will be elaborate studies, community consultation, assessments as well as an extensive environmental management plan. The authority in charge of the environment is granted the powers to make such approvals which are normally issued depending on the conditions surrounding the environmental management plan that has been built. The provision of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is a legislation that the explorer must be aware of and comply with during the various phases of exploration and prospecting(Hoover, 2017, p.202). This act provides an outline for protection of the Australian environment such as it natural and culturally important places and its biodiversity. It offers a framework for the protection of the nationally and internationally significant fauna, fauna and heritage placed and ecological communities as outlined in the act as matters that constitute national environmental significance. The act provides for a range of processes that are meant to promote and protect the recovery and conservation of the threatened ecological communities and species as well as conserve important places on the verge of declining. The acts outline seven matters that are considered to be of national environmental significance: Migratory species World Heritage properties Wetlands of international importance National heritage places Commonwealth marine areas(Rogers, 2014, p.110) Nuclear actions; and Threatened species and ecological communities Exploration Results refer to clear and concise diagrams and maps that are geared towards the representation of the geological context. Included on these maps are the plan view of the drill hole collar location as well as the appropriate views of the sections. There are minimum standards that are provided by the Australian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves(Revuelta, 2017, p.177). These standards are aimed at ensuring that the investors and their advisers have at their disposal information that they would need to help them come up with a reliable opinion on the approximations and results that are being reported. Through the JORC code, decision making among the investors and their advisers is highly enhanced and transparency in investment in the mineral sector highly facilitated. Exploration results include data and information that have been produced by the programs of mineral exploration and are found to be useful to the investor in a way or another but are not part of the declaration of Mineral Resources(Hinze, 2013, p.138). By complying with JORC code in the reporting of exploration results, it means the companies that may wish to publish the results of its exploration follow the guidelines that are provided in the JORC Code specifically under clause 19. Clause 19 provides that the results of public exploration must bear enough information to permit a considered and stable judgment of their importance. It also states that public reports on exploration results must not be presented in such a way that they unreasonably imply the discovery of a potential economic mineralization(Rogers, 2014, p.124). In the case of reporting assay or analytical results, either of the following methods must be used in doing the reporting as chosen by a competent person: report ing on the weighted average grades of all the mineralized zones, illustrating how the calculations on the grades were done and listing the results alongside the sample intervals. In the context of JORC code, one is classified as a Competent Person if the person is a member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy or any other relevant body. The person must have at least five years of working experience with the deposit type or mineralization style that is under consideration and of very high relevance to the activity that the individual is undertaking. An example is where the Competent Person is making a report on Exploration Results. In such a case, the person must be equipped with the relevance experiences in exploration to be considered competent. Engineering geology mainly deals with the application of the knowledge on geology to the engineering study with the aim of ensuring that the geological factors among them design, operation, construction, location and maintenance of the engineering works are acknowledged and accounted for(Gocht, 2012, p.197). Engineering geologists are thus ideally tasked with the presentation of geotechnical and geological analyses, designs and recommendations that are in line with human development and the different types of structures. Engineering geologists that conduct both technical and scientific research analysis of groundwater, soil, rocks among other related conditions and establish the most likely impact that will be caused by any construction developments done on such sites. These professionals provide information to the technical service on the geological factors that have an impact on the various mining activities. This they achieve through conducting an analysis of the materials of the ground and find out their factors thereby provide advice on the best procedures and practices for mineral prospection and exploration process and the suitability of the mining process(Hinze, 2013, p.112). Engineering geologists achieve ensure this information is availed by: Preparing reports Offering advice and information to the miners on numerous issues among them proposed exploration and prospection of the mines Planning and taking investigations on fieldwork or site through the creation of trial pits and boreholes Ascertaining that the projects are completed within the stipulated timelines and budget Assessing and reporting on the strategies of minimizing results from natural and man-made exposure factors in the environment(Bell, 2013, p.188) Gathering, analyzing and interpreting data Accessing, using and analyzing information about the site before site investigations and exploration kicks off Engineering geologists use various methods in order to obtain the information that they are to share with the technical services division. Among the method include deformation monitoring which is used as a method of systematic measurement and tracking any changes that might have occurred in the dimensions or shape of an object, sampling, excavation and logging of the rock materials of the earth, review on the geologic maps, engineering plans, geologic literature, remote sensing data, GPRS data, geotechnical reports as well as environmental plans(Bhmer, 2013, p.255). They also use geophysical surveys and geologic field mapping of the geologic formations, hazards, soil units and geologic structures. References Bell, F.G., 2013. Engineering Geology and Geotechnics. 3rd ed. New York: Elsevier. Bhmer, M., 2013. Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier. Gocht, W.R., 2012. International Mineral Economics: Mineral Exploration, Mine Valuation, Mineral Markets, International Mineral Policies. 4th ed. Paris: Springer Science Business Media. Hinze, W.J., 2013. Gravity and Magnetic Exploration: Principles, Practices, and Applications. 4th ed. Chicago: Cambridge University Press. Hoover, H., 2017. Principles of Mining: Valuation, Organization and Administration; Copper, Gold, Lead, Silver, Tin and Zinc. 5th ed. Oxford: CHIZINE PUBN. Marjoribanks, R., 2010. Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining. 2nd ed. London: Springer Science Business Media. Marjoribanks, R., 2014. Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining. 7th ed. London: Springer Science Business Media. Revuelta, M.B., 2017. Mineral Resources: From Exploration to Sustainability Assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Springe. Rogers, J., 2014. Adventure Capitalist: The Ultimate Road Trip. 4th ed. Manchester: Wiley.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay Example

Tesco Case Study with Questions Essay Tesco, well known as Britain’s leading food retail group with a presence also in Europe and Asia has also been a pioneer online. As this Tesco. com case study shows, retailer Tesco is generally recognized as the worlds largest online grocer and it has an annual turnover of ? 1 billion online in the UK and has launched in other countries, internationally and is diversifying into non-food categories. http://www. tescocorporate. com/plc/ In 2006/7, Tesco. com sales were reported to be sales up 29. %, profit (pre-Direct start-up costs) up 48. 5%; †¢More details on online sales and non-food sales details are also provided in the main www. tescoplc. com/plc/ Today the tesco. com model operates in the UK, the Republic of Ireland and South Korea. Online grocery sales have exceeded ? 1 billion for the first time in the UK alone. We have an active customer base of 850,000 and more than 250,000 orders are now being completed each week. In the UK, nearly 1,860 vans operate out of 294 stores. In our Newcastle store our service is so popular that there are now 18 vans delivering to local customers. Drivers deliver between 9am and 11pm, and our staff start picking our customers’ orders from 6am. A record-breaking 1. 3 million shoppers chose tesco. com to deliver their presents and groceries over Christmas, and to make sure that these were all picked successfully, our staff started picking even earlier, at 4am. Tesco. com have around 9,000 pickers, the majority in existing stores, but one specific delivery store has been opened in Croydon. ttp://www. theregister. co. uk/2006/01/17/tesco_mobile_xmas/ 1. Sales at Tesco. com, the UK market leader in home shopping, rose by 32% year-on-year, but they still only represent over 3% of its UK sales of ? 32. 7bn! Tesco said it had 750,000 regular customers and 200,000 orders a week online giving a total turnover approaching ? 1 billion Update Tesco Direct launched Read http://www. internetretailer. com/2006/10/06/u-k-s-tesco-l aunches-tesco-direct-for-non-food-online-sales In 2006, Tesco launched Tesco Direct to rival catalogue retailers such as Argos. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tesco Case Study with Questions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Over 8,000 products will be available from beds and sofas through to kitchenware, electricals, cameras, bikes and golf clubs giving customers more products at great Tesco prices than they have ever had access to before. Customers can choose the product they want on a new website or from a new catalogue and then order in one of three ways: †¢On-line via the tesco. com website †¢By phone †¢In selected stores at the new Tesco Direct desks In the press release for this update it was reported that Tesco. com now has ? million regular grocery shoppers with over 200,000 orders per week and achieved over ? 1 billion in sales in 2005. Tesco Product ranges The Tesco. com site acts as a portal to most of Tescos products, including various non-food ranges (for example, Books, DVDs and Electrical items under the ‘Extra’ banner), Tesco Personal Finance and the telecoms businesses, as well as services offered in partnership with specialist companies, such as dieting clubs, flights and holidays, music downloads, gas, electricity and DVD rentals. It does not currently sell clothing online but in May 2005 it introduced a clothing website (www. clothingattesco. com), initially at to showcase Tescos clothing brands and link customers to their nearest store with this range. Tesco Competitors Tesco currently leads the UK’s other leading grocery retailers in terms of market share. This pattern is repeated online. The compilation below is from Hitwise (2005) and the figures in brackets show market share for traditional offline retail formats from the Taylor Nelson Softres Super Panel (see http://superpanel. tns-global. com). 1. Tesco Superstore, 27. 28% (29% of retail trade) 2. ASDA, 13. 36% 3. ASDA @t Home, 10. 13% (17. 1%) 4. Sainsburys, 8. 42% 5. Tesco Wine Warehouse, 8. 19% 6. Sainsburys to You, 5. 86% (15. 9%) 7. Waitrose. com, 3. 42% (3. 6%) 8. Ocado, 3. 2% (owned by Waitrose, 3. 6%) 9. Lidl, 2. 49% (1. 8%) 10. ALDI – UK, 2. 10% (2. 3%) †¢http://www. tesco. com/talkingtesco/oldDefault. asp Some companies are repeated since both their main site and the online shopping site are reported on separately. Asda. com now seems to be performing in a consistent manner online to its offline presence. However, Sainsburys online performance see ms to be significantly lower compared to its offline performance. Some providers such as Ocado which originally just operated within the London area have a strong local performance. Notably, some of Tesco. om competitors are absent from the Hitwise listing since their strategy has been to focus on retail formats. These are Morrisons (12. 5% retail share, Somerfield (5. 5%) and Co-op (5. 0%). Promotion of Tesco services As with other online retailers, Tesco. com relies on in-store advertising and marketing to the supermarkets Clubcard loyalty schemes customer base to persuade customers to shop online. NMA (2005) quotes Nigel Dodd, marketing director at Tesco. com as saying: ‘These are invaluable sources as we have such a strong customer base’. However, for non-food goods the supermarket does advertise online using keyword targeted ads. For existing customers, email marketing and direct mail marketing to provide special offers and promotions to customers is important. According to Humby (2003), e-retailer Tesco. com use what he describes as a ‘commitment-based segmentation’ or ‘loyalty ladder’ which is based on recency of purchase, frequency of purchase and value which is used to identify 6 lifecycle categories which are then further divided to target communications: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Logged-on† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cautionary† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Developing† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Established† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dedicated† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Logged-off† (the aim here is to winback) Tesco then use automated event-triggered messaging can be created to ncourage continued purchase. For example, Tesco. com have a touch strategy which includes a sequence of follow-up communications triggered after different events in the customer lifecycle. In the example given below, communications after event 1 are intended to achieve the objective of converting a web site visitor to action; communications after event 2 are intended to move the customer from a first time purchaser to a regular purchaser and for event 3 to reactivate lapsed purchasers. †¢Trigger event 1: Customer first registers on site (but does not buy). Auto-response (AR) 1: 2 days after registration e-mail sent offering phone assistance and ? 5 discount off first purchase to encourage trial. Trigger event 2: Customer first purchases online. †¢AR1: Immediate order confirmation †¢AR2: 5 days after purchase e-mail sent with link to online customer satisfaction survey asking about quality of service from driver and picker (e. g. item quality and substitutions). †¢AR3: Two-weeks after first purchase Direct mail offering tips on how to use service and ? 5 discount on next purchases intended to encourage re-use of online services. AR4: Generic monthly e-newsletter with online exclusive offers encouraging cross-selling †¢AR5: Bi-weekly alert with personalised offers for customer. †¢AR6: After 2 months ? 5 discount for next shop †¢AR7: Quarterly mailing of coupons encouraging repeat sales and cross-sales Trigger event 3: Customer does not purchase for an extended period †¢AR1: Dormancy detected – Reactivation e-mail with survey of how the customer is finding the service (to identify any problems) and a ? 5 incentive. †¢AR2: A further discount incentive is used in order to encourage continued usage to shop after the first shop after a break. Tesco’s online product strategy NMA (2005) ran a profile of Laura Wade-Gery CEO of Tesco. com since January 2004 which provides an interesting insight into how the business has run. In her first year, total sales were increased 24% to ? 719 million. Laura, is 40 years old, a keen athlete and has followed a varied career developing from a MA in History at Magdalen College, Oxford, an MBA from Insead; Manager and partner in Kleinwort Benson; Manager and senior consultant, Gemini Consulting; Targeted marketing director (Tesco Clubcard), and Group strategy irector, Tesco Stores. The growth overseen by Wade-Gery has been achieved through a combination of initiatives. Product range development is one key area. In early 2005, Tesco. com fulfilled 150,000 grocery orders a week but now also offers more intangible offerings, such as e-diets and music downloads. She has also focused on improving the customer experience online – the time it takes for a new customer to complete thei r first order has been decreased from over an hour to 35 minutes through usability work culminating in a major site revision. To support the business has it diversifies into new areas, Wade-Gery’s strategy was ‘to make home delivery part of the DNA of Tesco’ according to NMA (2005). She continues: ‘What we offer is delivery to your home of a Tesco service – its an obvious extension of the home-delivered groceries concept. ’ My May 2005, Tesco. com had 30,000 customers signed up for DVD rental, through partner Video Island (who run the rival Screenselect service). Over the next year, her target is to treble this total, while also extending home-delivery services to the likes of bulk wine and white goods. Wade-Gery looks to achieve synergy between the range of services offered. For example, its partnership with eDiets can be promoted through the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme, with mailings to 10m customers a year. In July 2004, Tesco. com Limited paid ? 2 million for the exclusive licence to eDiets. com in the UK and Ireland under the URLs www. eDietsUK. com and www. eDiets. ie. Through promoting these services through these URLs, Tesco can use the dieting business to grow use of the Tesco. com service and in-store sales. To help keep focus on home retail-delivery, Wade-Gery sold women’s portal iVillage (www. ivillage. co. uk) back to its US owners for an undisclosed sum in March 2004. She explained to NMA: ‘Its a very different sort of product to the other services that were embarking on. In my mind, we stand for providing services and products that you buy, which is slightly different to the world of providing information. ’ The implication is that there was insufficient revenue from ad sales on iVillage and insufficient opportunities to promote Tesco. om sales. However, iVillage was a useful learning experience in that there are some parallels with iVillage, such as message boards and community advisors. Wade-Gery is also director of Tesco Mobile, the joint ‘Pay-As-You-Go’ venture with O2 which is mainly serviced online, although promoted in-store and via direct mail. Tesco also offer broadband and dialup ISP services, but believe the market for Internet telephony ( provided through Skype and Vonage for example) is not sufficiently developed. Tesco. om have concentrated on more traditional services which have the demand, for example, Tesco Telecom fixed-line services attracted over a million customers in its first year. However, this is not to say, that Tesco. com will not invest in relatively new services. In November 2004, Tescos introduced a music download service and just six months later, she estimates they have around 10% market share – one of the benefits of launching relatively early. Again, there is synergy, this time with hardware sales. NMA (2005) reported that as MP3 players were unwrapped, sales went up – even on Christmas Day! She says: ‘The exciting thing about digital is where can you take it in the future. As the technology grows, well be able to turn Tesco. com into a digital download store of all sorts, rather than just music. Clearly, film [through video on demand] would be next. ’ But it has to be based firmly on analysis of customer demand. She says : ‘The number one thing for us is whether the product is something that customers are saying they want, has it reached a point where mass-market customers are interested? ’ There also has to be scope for simplification. NMA (2005) notes that Tesco is built on a core premise of convenience and value and Wade-Gery believes what its already done with mobile tariffs, broadband packages and music downloads are good examples of the retailers knack for streamlining propositions. She says: ‘Weve actually managed to get people joining broadband who have never even had a dial-up service’ Tesco case study sources: Humby (2003), NMA (2005), Hitwise (2005), Wikipedia (2005) Humby, C. and Hunt, T. (2003) Scoring points. How Tesco is Winning Customer Loyalty. Kogan Page, London, UK. Hitwise (2005) Press release: The top UK Grocery and Alcohol websites week ending October 1st, ranked by market share of web site visits, from Hitwise. co. uk. Press release available at www. hitwise. co. uk. Discussion Questions 1. Describe the major E-Commerce characteristics used by Tesco. 2. What are the advantages for Tesco becoming an E-Commerce organisation? 3. In what ways has Tesco managed to gain competitive advantage over it’s other stores? 4. How has E-Commerce facilitated customisation of products and services? . What competitive strategy has Tesco used and how successful is it? 6. After reading the case study list the success factors for Tesco. What might the threats be? Carry out a SWOT Analysis. 7. Why might customers like Web Based Purchasing? Is it becoming more of an option due to lower prices? 8. What promotion policies does Tesco implement? Are they successful? 9. What product strategy has Tesco implemented? 10. Is Tesco’s p roduct strategy successful give reasons for your answers? Please be ready to discuss the answers with your tutor.

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Ginko Tree (Ginko Bilboa) essays

The Ginko Tree (Ginko Bilboa) essays The Ginko Tree (Ginko Biloba) is indigenous to Korea, China and Japan can be found all over the world. Ginko can grow over 40 meters high and for over a thousand years. There have been fossils dated back as far as 250 million years ago. The herb is the extract from the fan shaped leaves. Some call it the most popular herbal medicine in the world, aimed at "augmenting cognitive functions" such as memory, learning, alertness and mood. Germany uses it officially to treat dimensia. The US National Institute on Aging are testing its effects on alzhiemers. Most information about effects are based on folklore. The US FDA doesn't regulate herbal treatments and the manufacturers are not required to test for safety. The typical daily dose of Ginko is 120 Mg in two or three tablets. The extract contains several flavonoids, a group of natural plant products that have specific chemical structure of carbon rings. Ginko also has bioflavonoids and two different types of terpenes, naturally occurring chemicals that are also found in catnip and marijuana. There have been many tests without solid, conclusive results. Results that showed slight improvement with alzheimers patients used EGb 761. Most tests, test memory and learning, rather than attention motivation and anxiety. Because most studies have faults this article focused on the most rigorous ones. In 1998 Barry S. Oken of Oregon Health Sciences U. took 50 studies then narrowed them down to 4 with specific criteria, i.e. they had alzheimers, standard Ginko was taken, and a double blind placebo controlled test. This is where neither the tester nor the subject know whether the placebo or ginko was taken. The people that took the Ginko ended up doing 10-20% better than the placebo eaters. Another large test in Germany showed less beneficial results for Ginko. Other tests in England have shown that Ginko has helped a little with short-term memory. A critical question has yet to be answere...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Why is Bill Gates a successful leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why is Bill Gates a successful leader - Essay Example Through his innovative ideas, constant hard-work and extraordinary leadership skills he has achieved tremendous success and fame. His exceptional example is given in various management courses and his wise quotes are used to motivate and direct individuals around the world. Bill Gates exemplary leadership is dependent upon many steps that he has consciously adopted. 1. A Clear Vision Bill Gates knows that in order to move forward he can leave no man behind, to ensure this he has a clear vision not only in his mind but he also makes certain to pass it on to his employees. He sets a clear standard, an exact measurement of what is expected from them. By saying inspiring expressions like, Every house and business must run on Microsoft software, or a computer on every desktop, he provides an unambiguous picture to his employees of exactly what is expected of them. This helps clear misconceptions and misunderstandings and provides refreshing clarity to employees. He has set a standard for them, they can easily envision it and therefore achieving it becomes easier. (Samson, Danny, and Daft 17) 2. Empowering Employees After giving his employees a clear goal, Bill Gates ensures that his employees have the power to achieve them. He is heard to say on several occasions that leaders are those who have the ability to empower others.By exercising leadership through a participative style he ensures that employees at all levels are involved in decision making. Everyone provides their valuable input and contributes to providing the best solution. He is very positive in his attitude and energizes his employees and pushes them to achieve more than they think they are capable off hence promising success for Microsoft. 3. It’s Okay to Make Mistakes People who work for Bill Gates are fearless and confident. They take risks and have the ability to think out of the box because he never discourages them. Bill Gates is a staunch believer of the philosophy that mistakes and failur es are important contributors to success. He is constantly ensuring his employees that they should not be afraid of making mistakes. He went so far as to say on one occasion that, unhappy customers are the greatest source of learning. Such a positive and open attitude affirms employee beliefs that they will not be punished if they do something wrong therefore being more confident in themselves and their jobs. Such confidence makes the work environment not only positive but also fun where employees go an extra mile to achieve results. The 2007 version of Microsoft Office that has become so popular was a design put forward by an IT technician. Even though this idea is a complete opposite of Bill Gates original design the employee had confidence that she could discuss her idea with Bill Gates without any fear of offending him. This is an excellent example of the confidence that Microsoft employees have and how this confidence gets translated into astounding achievements for the organiz ation. (7 Key Lessons from a Greatest Leader of all times - Bill Gates | Life of Excellence) 4. Appreciating Employees Bill Gates is not that stereotypical boss who sweeps in at the end of the day and takes credit for all the work. He appreciates his employee’s efforts and whenever necessary makes it popular that his employees are his main strength and the greatest factor contributing to Microsoft’s success. He personally interacts with employees to find out who is doing what, offers solutions to problems and gives praise without a second thought. His admiration of employee work and ideas is positive reinforcement that encourages employees to work harder and harder, because they know that their efforts are not wasted. (Manager's Role in Successful Motivation:

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Computer technology and the networked organization Essay

Computer technology and the networked organization - Essay Example This helps one monitor the network properly. Any failure is easily seen and will not affect the entire organisation of the company. Star topology is reliable because it is easy to back up the data and easy to access the data. Another important reason is that in this topology my companies system will have no disruptions to the network when connecting and removing devices. Under the architecture the configurations of the company peer to peer networking architecture will be put in place. This will be of help because all the computers in the network will have the same privilege, capabilities and responsibility among themselves. This will enable file sharing and if anyone wants to acquire information from another customer then he will do it fast and also it is hard for the system to collapse because all computers depend from each other not like client server where one computer is expected for file sharing. The communication protocol used will be TCP/IP because it will enable the computers in the network to communicate without the help of central management. The reason why I will use TCP/IP in my company because it is compatible with various types of computer hardware and network configurations. Another reason why I found it relevant is it routable and so finds the most efficient path for the packets to move across the network. I would have created a firewall that will not allow the people who are not in the network to get access in it. This implies that it will set up a control of the incoming and outgoing network traffic by analysing the data packets and determining whether it should pass or not. Secondly I will train my personnel and enforce a policy.by having employees and customers who understand and adhere to the companies’ security policies will enable reduce security problems. I will create strong security passwords and strong forms of authentication to prevent guessing and cracking. Thirdly I will uses security

Monday, November 18, 2019

Stress Effects and Ways to Reduce Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stress Effects and Ways to Reduce Stress - Essay Example However, there are number of causes of stress. Like emotional stress, physical stress, environmental stresses, energetic and health stress. Physical stress occurs due to over physical work/activity and it is very common in adults. Most importantly, physical stress effects regularly on many body joints changes and will create pain in your later life. Stress can affect you in the two ways; long term and short term. Long term stress is much worst than short term; Moreover; long term stress is more dangerous because it creates regular changes in your body in many ways. In general term, there are there broad sectors of stress effects. From the medical point of view, the physiological stress if activate in your brain, it will triggers the pituitary gland and sympathetic nervous system as a result of its activation - it creates regular changes in your adrenal gland which raises your heart rates. Furthermore, human liver produces energy throughout the stress situation and in the process, the patient can suffer stomach pain, constipation and so forth. The physiological stress raises your heart beats up to 71 to 90 beats in a minute to 200 per minute. Yes, Stress effects emotiona... In general term, there are there broad sectors of stress effects. 1) Physiological Effects From the medical point of view, the physiological stress if activate in your brain, it will triggers the pituitary gland and sympathetic nervous system as a result of its activation - it creates regular changes in your adrenal gland which raises your heart rates. Furthermore, human liver produces energy throughout the stress situation and in the process, the patient can suffer stomach pain, constipation and so forth. The physiological stress raises your heart beats up to 71 to 90 beats in a minute to 200 per minute. Emotional Effects Yes, Stress effects emotionally as well and if it affects emotionally, it can create sound changes in your brain function. As a result of its activation, it adversely affects your mental capabilities, - your logical thinking becomes illogical, and you become anxious for no reason. However, it can be minor or major, major stress could lead you to a suicide. Besides this, it alters your behavioral patterns suddenly in these feelings; you become very sensitive and can be very irritating. You could enter into an argument with others for no reason; whatsoever, you can suddenly starting fighting with others at work. It may turn your mind on pessimistic thinking on all aspects, by and large behavioral changes adversely affect decision making powers either at work or at home concerns. Also, you could become gloomy and it makes you less tolerant. Physical Effects Physical effects includes frequent headaches, back ache and other muscle pain, sleep difficulties and exhaustion, cramp in the neck and shoulders, appetite and weight changes, anxiety, feelings of being helpless and hopelessness, fatigue, memory and concentration problems however

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Main advantages of unstructured methods

Main advantages of unstructured methods Unstructured method This method makes use of a rational compilation of elements to load up the domain, because the engagements of elements have no visible pattern, the mesh is called unstructured. This type of grids in general makes use of triangles in 2D and tetrahedral in 3D. With structured method, the elements are capable of twisted and stretched to well the domain. This method has the skill to be automated to a large degree. Known good CAD model, a good meshing student or person can without human intervention place triangles on the surface and tetrahedral in the volume with very small effort from the user. The automatic meshing algorithm characteristically involves meshing the boundary and then also adding elements touching the boundary or adding points in the interior and reconnecting the Delaunay elements. Main advantage of unstructured method Advantages of unstructured method is with the aim of they are very programmed and, as a result, require small user time effort but the user no need to worry about lay out block structure or relations. In addition the unstructured methods are well suitable to inexperienced users because they require small user input and will generate a suitable mesh under most circumstances. Unstructured method and its applications Triangle mesh generator makes use of 2D problems, and it produces an unstructured triangular mesh. Tetrahedral meshing is appropriate for uses in viscous flow simulations are wished-for. The approach which is chase consists of the initial generation of a number of unstructured layers of highly rigid elements Structured method This method of mesh generation starts with basic geometry and tensor analysis previous to moving on to identify the variety of approaches that can be employed in the generation of structured meshing. In addition structured method makes use of quadrilateral elements in 2D and hexahedral elements in 3D in a computational rectangular selection. Main advantage of structured method Advantages of structured mesh method is their simplicity, ease of use code and is suitable for multi-mesh, it is very complicated to generate a structured mesh for complex construction of body, such as a complete aircraft. Structured method and its applications Structured mesh, in particular multi-block structured mesh, is one of the main productions CFD tools. Multi-block means that the block topology can be from multiply connected blocks and each block is composed of 3D hexahedral, 2D quadrilateral and 1D linear or quadratic element set up in rows and columns, but this blocks can be removed, deleted or glued to others parts and also the multi-block structured mesh gives CFD user more control over the design of their meshing and make sure that quality is maintained all the way through their design and achieves the results. Multi-block topology A multi-block topology is used to build a meshing for the same geometry and this mesh is build in 6 blocks and deleting the top 2 corner blocks to complete a meshing with right aspect ratio. Hybrid method Hybrid mesh method is designed to obtain advantage of the positive aspects of both unstructured and structured mesh. Hybrid mesh makes use of some form of structured mesh in local regions while using unstructured mesh in the size of the domain. In addition the hybrid mesh contain tetrahedral, hexahedral and pyramid elements in 3D and quadrilaterals in 2D. But hexahedral elements are excellent close to solid boundaries and can afford the user of CFD a high degree of control. Main advantage and disadvantage of hybrid method Hybrid mesh advantages method is when we can make use of the positive properties of structured mesh elements in the regions which require them the most and use automatic unstructured mesh techniques where is not much happen in the flow field. Prismatic or hexahedral layers close to wall surfaces show good clustering capability characteristic of structured meshing approaches. Another advantage is that the use of tetrahedral mesh to fill the rest of the domain permit single-block generation for particularly complex geometries since the tetrahedral is the simplex element in 3D. Hybrid mesh disadvantage method is difficult to use and involve user of CFD expertise in put out the various structured mesh properties and locations to obtain the best results. The hybrid method is less strong the unstructured mesh methods. Hybrid method and its applications Hybrid method, in particular prismatic mesh generation makes use of the visibility condition, namely, the node normal vector is able to be seen from all the triangles sharing the node. A simple and general method is included to treat walls, concaves and narrow gaps. Tetrahedral and pyramids are integrated naturally by treating them as exceptional cases of prismatic cells and the methods is successfully applied for a entire aircraft configuration and partially slotted flap. To describe key features of ALL existing meshing options in Ansys Mesh module and discuss their applications (please refer to build-in documentation in the software).

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Physics of Black Holes Essay -- physics space black holes

Black holes - the strange scientific phenomenon that has astounded physicists and astronomers alike for decades. Popular subjects in science fiction novels, black holes are one of the greatest enigmas of the scientific world. Even today, the concept of a super-dense ball of matter that not even light can escape from is somewhat farfetched, and many scientists disagree with each other about nearly every aspect of a black hole. This project will attempt to shed some light on these mysterious formations, and will inform you the reader of the most popular and widely accepted theories surrounding them. Karl Schwarzschild is credited with being the brilliant astronomer who developed the concept of black holes. In 1916, using Einstein's general theory of relativity, he began to make calculations about the gravity fields of stars. He concluded that if a huge mass, such as a star, were to be concentrated down to the size of an infintessimal point, the effects of Einstein's relativity would get really fairly extreme. Schwarzschild doubted that a star could get that small, and theorized that if a star did infact shrink upon itself like that, its gravity would remain the same and the planets revolving around it would remain in the same orbits they always had. Since then however, some of Schwarzschild's theories have been disproved, but most of his initial theories hold intact today. The Schwarzschild Radius, the maximum radius a body with a specific mass can have that won't let light escape, is named in his honor, and the equation of which is still in use today: Rs=2MG/(c^2) In truth, English geologist John Michell was the first to suggest the existence of black holes. He referred to them "dark stars" and based his calculations on Newt... ...ke for instance the two images below. The first is a two-dimensional representation of the gravity of a normal star. Imagine any object floating through space as a marble. Said marble rolling along the flat surface of the space will roll into the indentation made by the sun's gravity. If you flick the marble hard enough, it can roll out of the indentation and roll away. The second pic is a representation of the gravity made by a black hole. Notice that if the marble rolls into the hole, there's no way it can get out, since there is no end to the hole. Such prospects are intriguing, and provide science fiction novelists with endless material for their writings. None of these theories have been proved, and since we can't get close enough to a black hole to study one, they're all perfectly valid. Perhaps one day mankind will discover the truths behind black holes.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Gay Marriage: Social Calamity or Long Overdue? Essay

Abstract There is growing attention to the issue of marriage equality for gay people in this country. As of the writing of this paper, 16 of the 50 states in the United States of America have legalized gay marriage, either by legislation or by popular vote (Wisniewski, 2013). The discourse regarding the issue becomes quite contentious largely because of non-secular ideology that has demonized the concept of homosexuality for many years. As a sociological issue, the conflict has become a divisive force for many, from political powers as far down to the family level. The constitution guarantees equal rights for all in this country; freedom of religion, speech, etc. yet appears to stall when equal rights for the gay community are involved. There has been significantly more popular support for the cause recently, but the stigma and prejudice continue to linger. Is this a moral debate or has an outdated ideology become so embraced by many that the battle has only just begun? Are Rights Really Equal? When asked if one believes in equal rights for all citizens, the typical, rote response is a resounding â€Å"Yes†. If the question becomes more specific as to include the right for homosexuals to marry, a hesitation follows. The concept of gay marriage is far deeper a societal problem for most because its roots lie in prejudicial perspectives that have permeated us for years. Before the fight for the right to marry, the gay community has long endured simply the right to exist openly without feeling pariah-like. The United States is not a theocracy, of this we are certain. However, there are many more religiously affiliated citizens than not. The First Amendment gives us freedom of religion, which should also include freedom from religion. The truth of the matter meets somewhere in between the two, especially when US currency bears â€Å"In God We Trust† boldly on its face. There are political leaders who continue to evoke the name of God in their speeches, even though  the fact is that our founding fathers were mostly non-theists and the motto on our money did not initiate until 1958 or so. But people continue to view homosexuality as a â€Å"sin†, therefore gay marriage is not an option. This issue has created a divide in this country, much like most other civil rights have. When slavery was abolished, it took years to establish anti-segregation laws. Civil change takes time, historically, and gay marriage is no different. Protests continue either in support of or against gay marriage, at times becoming violent. Families become divided when a member openly announces his or her orientation and disapproval prevails, sometimes resulting in families disowning or ostracizing that offender from the family. Government has been forced to become involved, due to an outcry for the various rights that are bestowed upon a married member of this society. Rights to inheritance and to personal medical information and decision making are two examples of spousal rights. Monogamous homosexual couples are denied these rights, since without marriage, the rights fall to their closest relative. Functional Sociology and Gay Marriage Society has long viewed traditional marriage a fundamental and necessary building block. Marriage is the institution by which our population is regenerated and offspring are socialized then integrated as functioning members. Functional theorists might argue that if the paradigm is changed to include same sex couples, social decay may follow, as the family unit is unable to function if not in the traditional way. Single parent households have been faulted with producing children that score lower in school than those from the traditional, two parent family, as well as have higher rates of unacceptable social behavior, such as drug abuse or teenage pregnancy. Functionalists believe children benefit from each gender parent in a different way, therefore require both to be whole. (Tischler, 2011) Conflict Theory and Gay Marriage Conflict theory maintains that society functions when a more powerful or accepted sector exerts its will and exceeds at the expense of less powerful or accepted portions. (Tischler, 2011). Since homosexuality has been regarded taboo by the majority for so long, heterosexuals have maintained their position of acceptance and normalcy in the US. Vocational positions,  especially powerful ones such as political leaders, have historically been heterosexual. We have a â€Å"President† and a â€Å"First Lady†; expected heterosexuality. For the stigma to be removed, traditionally expected and understood ways of life would drastically change. Would traditional, heterosexual marriage decay in the process? The Future of Marriage Regardless of sociological theory, religious belief, and cultural expectation, the movement towards acceptance of gay marriage is gaining momentum and losing the attached stigma. Gay marriage is legal in 16 states (Wisniewski, 2013), and gay couples right to adoption has increased. Heterosexual divorce rates remain hovering at a 50% mark, and have been for many years prior to homosexual marriage. Society is resilient, proving itself over years of change. The ideal aspiration would be for both homosexual and heterosexual married couples to simply co-exist; neither having any real influence over the others’ success or demise. References Tischler, H.L. (2011) â€Å"Introduction to Sociology†. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781285396835/pages/55834839 Wisniewski, M (2013) Update 1-Illinois Governor Signs Same-Sex Marriage Into Law. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/20/usa-gaymarriage-illinois-idUSL2N0J524N20131120.

Friday, November 8, 2019

The Review of In Search of Management by Tony J. Watson

The Review of In Search of Management by Tony J. Watson Introduction The management is the crucial aspect of the organization success. There are a lot of study materials and professional literature on this topic. The book In Search of Management: Culture, Chaos, and Control in Managerial Work by Tony J. Watson is devoted to the problems of the managerial work. The author is the British author and the professor at the Nottingham University Business School.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Review of In Search of Management by Tony J. Watson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He specializes in the research on â€Å"organizations, managerial work, strategy-making, entrepreneurship, HRM and industrial sociology† (Watson 2013, n.pag.). Professor Tony J. Watson gained his BA in London in 1968, MSc in Loughborough in 1972, and PhD in Nottingham in 1976 (Business school n.pag.). The author published a number of reputable works on management and strategy development. His books cover the topics of his research interests including â€Å"the organization theory and the sociology of work; managerial, entrepreneurial, strategic and human resourcing behavior in organizations; organizational culture; and ethnography† (Business school n.pag.). The works by Professor Watson are highly appreciated by the economists and managers. They are used as the study materials at the business schools as well. Tony J. Watson is the ongoing member of a number of the memberships and fellowships. In particular, he is a member of the Chartered Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CPID), the member of the editorial boards of Human Relations, Journal of Management Studies, and Personal Review (Business school n.pag.). He is also an ongoing member of the British Academy of Management (Business school n.pag.). Prof. Watson says that he is â€Å"especially enthusiastic about narrative forms of research reporting as means of teaching and provi ding insights to a range of audiences about the complexities, contradictions, pains and delights of organizational and business life† (Business school n.pag.). In the book In Search of Management: Culture, Chaos, and Control in Managerial Work, Tony J. Watson uncovers the problems of the managerial work from the standpoint of the attitude of the middle managers to their responsibilities and the company, for which they work.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Key Points of Criticism In Search of Management presents the interesting view on the organization’s management as the author analyses the different aspects of the managerial work taking into consideration the responses of the middle class managers regarding their job. It can be stated that the book is unique as the majority of other authors have not considered the problem in this context. In should be noted that the most part of the research on management is based on the quantitative estimation of its quality and efficiency. The central theme of the book In Search of Management is the â€Å"discovery of what management is look like† (Watson 2001, n.pag.). The main goal of the author was to create the book, which would be helpful for the broad range of users. It was a challenging task taking into account the fact that people tended to draw a distinction between the â€Å"academic† books and the â€Å"practical† manuals. It may be no accident that the author decides to present his dialogue with his management fellow. He tries to emphasize that there is a widespread opinion in the managerial community that the management in theory and the management in practice are two rather different concepts and that the academics do not capture the problems of real managerial work in their research quite often. Watson says that he tries to erase this distinction b etween the academic and practical management in his book In Search of Management. The author argues that â€Å"the managers themselves, however much they tend to scorn the very idea of theory, are inevitably theorists of a sort† (Watson 2001, p. 2). In my view, the author has achieved his goal. He masterly applies the theoretical conceptions to the practical issues arguing the strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s management. In addition, Watson’s book is not overloaded with the terminology and, thus, is appropriate for the readers of the wide range. The book is written in the form of a story. The comprehensive language and the structure of the book support its universality. Rosemary Stewart (1994) states in her book review published in The Independent that the book can be described as the â€Å"diary of a professor at work† (Stewart 1994).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The Review of In Search of Management by To ny J. Watson specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In Search of Management encompasses the realities of the world of management. Stewart (1994) claims that the book â€Å"is about people and its purpose is to help organizations survive† (Stewart 1994, n.pag.). In my view, these words reflect the essence of the book and its value. The author puts the emphasis on the role of people in organization. That is why he tries to consider the managerial work from the standpoint of the process of communication and collaboration with people. Watson states that the efficiency of management is directly related to how well people inside the organization work together. The concept of the â€Å"team† plays a vital role in his book. Watson tries to prove the idea that the long-term success of the organization is determined by the effectiveness of the team work. In his book, Watson analyses the reasons for failure of the British manufacturing companyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s strategy. Although the employees of the company were rather competent in their work, the company could not progress further and was not able to compete in the market successfully. It seemed that the management lost the direction in the way of its strategy realization. The managers claimed that everyone in the organization had their task and everyone did it well but it did not helped. The author of the book argued that the problem of this company boiled down to the fact that its managers paid too much attention to the philosophical aspect of management. As a result, employees were frequently told about the values and goals of the organization. However, what the company lacked was the sufficient attention to the technical aspect of their work. The commitment of the employees was not enough to improve the performance.Advertising Looking for book review on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Search of Management is very interesting book, which is worthy to read for both the academics and practitioners. Willmott (1995) describes the book as â€Å"an insightful, eloquent and entertaining account of the complexity, chaos and ambivalence that is so carefully expurgated from the majority of academic textbooks, guru handbooks and scholarly monographs† (Willmott 1995, n.pag.). It should be said that the first edition of In Search of Management was published in 1994. However, the ideas presented by the author remain urgent nowadays. Prof. Watson says that it is not surprising that his book is still popular as the factors influencing the managerial work remain the same. He states that, although the significant changes have occurred in the business world since the time of the first publishing of his book, the nature of the problems, which the managers should solve, have not been changed. Dr. David Potter claims that In Search of Management remains up-to-date as â€Å"t he ideas of Watson still sound very practical† (Potter 2010, n.pag.). Conclusion In order to sum up all above mentioned, it should be said that the book In Search of Management: Culture, Chaos, and Control in Managerial Work by Tony J. Watson represents the important material for study and provides the background for further research. The author touches upon the urgent problems of the managerial work. The central theme of the book is the search of the essence of management. The analysis presented in the work is based on the interviews with the managers of the company. The author tries to explain why the commitment of employees may be not enough to achieve the goals of the company. In spite of the fact that the first edition of the book was published 19 years ago, it remains relevant today. Overall, the book In Search of Management is the interesting work, which I recommend to read everyone, who is interested in management. References Business school. Professor Tony Watson, not tingham.ac.uk/business/liztw.html Potter, D 2010, My Cultural Reflections; Tone Watson â€Å"In Search of management†, culturalchange.co.uk/?p=1088 Stewart, R 1994, ‘Book Review / Diary of a professor at work: In search of management, Tony J Watson; Routledge, pounds 40hb, pounds 12.99pb’, The Independent, 7 September, n.pag., independent.co.uk/news/business/book-reviewdiary-of-a-professor-at-work-in-search-of-management-tony-j-watson-routledge-pounds-40hb-pounds-1299pb-1447296.html Watson, T. 2001, In Search of Management: Culture, Chaos, and Control in Managerial Work, Thomson Learning, London Watson, T 2013, Tony Watson. Nottingham Trent University, uk.sagepub.com/authorDetails.nav?contribId=20125 Willmott, H 1995, In Search of Management: Culture, Chaos, and Control in Managerial Work, http://business.highbeam.com/138396/article-1G1-17231473/search-management-culture-chaos-and-control-managerial

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Rubber bands Essays

Rubber bands Essays Rubber bands Paper Rubber bands Paper The aim of this experiment is to find how the amount of stretching, when shooting a rubber band, affects the length of the shot. Hypothesis When you stretch an elastic rubber band, you store potential elastic energy inside it. When the rubber band is released, the potential elastic energy will be transformed into the same amount of kinetic energy. This will cause the rubber band to move, and the more kinetic energy we have, the longer the rubber band will fly. Thus, the more stretching performed on the rubber band, the longer it will fly. Stand, double muff, 2 flags, 2 rubber bands with an circumference of 0. 20 respective 0. 22 m, measuring tape with an uncertainty of , and a ruler with an uncertainty of . Procedure The experiment was performed indoors at normal room temperature. We of course began to set up our equipment in a proper way. (see picture) The setup ensured that we would have the same angle of the rubber band in each shot. Three different lengths between the flags were used, 0. 15 m, 0. 20 m and 0. 25 m. When the rubber bands were attached to the flags, the total circumference of the rubber bands then became 0.30 m, 0. 40 m and 0. 50 m, and the increase in length of the rubber band was different dependent on which rubber band was used (see table). Rubber 1 was not as slack, as thin, and had a smaller circumference than rubber 2. Five shots with each rubber band on each length were done, and a mean value was calculated. The values were inserted into a diagram in order to increase and simplify the comprehension of the result. The following result was reached when investigating the shot length on different stretching lengths: These values are then inserted in a graph, which looks like following:On the x-axis we have the stretch of the rubber band in meters, and on the y-axis we have the shot length in meters. The different points represent the length of the shots on different stretching values. The lines are drawn to best fit. Conclusion We see a clear result, and it does indeed follow our hypothesis. The more the rubber band is stretched, the longer the shot length becomes. As kinetic energy is required for anything to move, we can draw the conclusion that that kinetic energy must have come from somewhere, and in this case it was the potential elastic energy in the rubber band, which was stored in it when stretched. However, another interesting result was reached. As we see in the diagram, the lines drawn to best fit are not linear, but shaped as curves. This implies that the increase in shot length is not correlating to the increase in stretching. As the table and the diagram show, the flight in meters per stretched meter decreases the more you stretch the rubber band. We also see that the curves cross each other. Rubber 2, which had a shorter flying distance, would when stretched only 0. 004 m, have a greater range than rubber 1 with the same stretching. This low value of stretching of course is quite hard to measure as you probably would not have been able to release the rubber band at all. Perhaps if you would have used rubber bands in a larger scale and with some differentiating property, a difference would have been possible to actually measure. However, to draw any conclusion like this from the graph probably should not be done. Our measuring points are nowhere close to the actual crossing of the lines, but at least a hint about what might happen is given, even though we can not draw any certain conclusions.