Rice And The Future Of Thailand - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3521 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Agriculture Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) predicts that rice consumption will be up 2.7% in 2010 as the market rebounds form recent declines. In an overall world economy that is still struggling to rise above a failing economy, the promise that rice shows for a growth in the economy of its market shows hope for countries that depend on rice as a staple in their national products. Thailand has a substantial interest in the rice market and must prepare for the coming year with the strength of their ability to provide for the demands that will be put on the stocks of rice. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rice And The Future Of Thailand" essay for you Create order One of the problems that plague the growth of the rice market in 2010 is the rise in the number of natural disasters that have diminished the stock of the grain. Monsoons, earthquakes and landslides have affected the stock, causing an impending possibility of a shortage. The predicted affect of these issues suggests that a 1.9% decrease in production for 2009 has taken place in compared to the growth in 2008. Countries such as Afghanistan, Cambodia, China, Myanmar, Thailand, Korea, and Vietnam have all shown good crops for the year while India , Bangladesh, Taiwan, Iraq, Japan, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines and Sri Lanka all saw shorter crop production due to unforeseen circumstance. In a country such as Thailand, using the advantage of surplus in a high demand market must be considered in order to create the most profit for the nation. According to Devries (2001), the demand for rice through the later 20th century grew at a pace of about 5.6% per year making rice a good pri me source of income for a nation (141). According to Science Daily: Science News (2006), rice serves a the largest staple crop, providing 20 percent of the calories that are consumed worldwide. Although 20 percent represents the world, 30 percent represents the Asian market. The cultures in Asia typically consume rice with every meal. According to Toriyanna (2005), Europe consumed 1% of its calories in rice from 1970 to 1990, but in the span of 11 years, that figure had doubles to 2% (8). Most of the rice sold in the world comes from Asia. Ninety-one percent of the market belongs to countries from this part of the world. The other break down of production comes with 3% from South America, 2% from Central and North American, 3% from Africa and 1% from Europe (Toriyama 2005: 10). According to an article in the New York Times (2008), Thailand is the largest exporter of rice in the world holding 30% of the market with jasmine rice being the most coveted style of rice sold out of Thai land. The timing is right in order for Thailand to make a larger than usual profit due to the issues that other nations have had to face which reduced the amount of rice product available to the world market. This research intends to provide a foundation for an increase of production and distribution of rice from Thailand. In creating an understanding of the current market place, the advantages of aggressive handling of the Thailand exports can be expected to increase overall profits. As the market is showing a decrease in available stock, the availability of reserves from Thailand will support larger pricing and increased profits for the nation. Included within the study will be a cost benefit analysis of increasing production and distribution. As well, an analysis of the environmental impact on increasing production will be assessed so that future crops can be protected. An analysis of labor costs and production feasibilities will help to determine the possibility of increas ing the current market share. A commodity chain will allow for an examination of the financial position that will affect the production of more rice from the actual production to the processing. The final type of analysis will consist of LOGIT regression which will include a dependent variable that can signal a probability condition. The probability of adoption will be measured in order to use a set of independent variables that are considered to be relevant to the study. Research Questions The following research questions will be relevant to the proposed study: 1. How is the current market an advantage to Thailand and its trade in rice? 2. What method of price control is most likely going to be of the highest benefit to Thailand in the rice commodities? 3. What economic strategy will give Thailand the best overall advantage in the year 2010 with the projected increases in demand? 4. What effect will the current shortages have on the impact of price control for Tha iland? 5. What effect have the recent catastrophes in other countries that produce rice had on the market in regard to Thailand? In working with the statistical evaluations of the economic realities of the current rice trade, the prospects for Thailand have the potential for a great many positive events. Literature Review History of Rice Rice has its origins back many thousands, extending quite possibly into millions of years. According to Smith and Dilday, the earliest progenitor of rice was a grass that left some evidence of some very distinct form that grew in a variety of humid areas of the southern landmass which is called the Gondwanna supercontinent which would have existed more than 130 million years ago. When the land mass broke apart the grass grew to produce the grain that is known today, one variety being the oryza glaberrima steud, or the African variety, and the more common Asian rice, the o. sativa l (4). Two main varieties of rice are in existence. African and Asian rice are the foundation of all mutated varieties that exist today. African rice is not as popular as the Asian variety. Cultivation of the grain began in the Niger valley within the first populations of agriculturally based communities and has been shown to have grown throughout the African growing communities start ing around the year 1500 B. C. (Smith and Dilday, 2002: 12). However, the more popular version of the grain that was grown in Asia was brought to the continent by Europeans in the 16th century. Asian rice developed from two central areas, one being in the south regions of Asia and the other being in the eastern regions of Asia. Two main types of rice developed from this diversity. The rice that is generally considered a cooking rice, called sen, has a dryer quality. The other variety which is a sticky rice is called keng. These rice varieties began in provinces of China, with he stickier version working its way into Japan (Toriyama 2005: 48). Growing Rice There is no time period within the history of agriculture that there was not evidence of the growth of rice. Many generations of human cultivations has created a vastly webbed genetic history for the grain. Rice is a staple in many cultures because of its rich nutrients and healthy carbohydrates. While brown rice is the pr eferred healthy version of the grain, white rice rates very high on the glycemic index. It is white rice, however, that holds the longer source of history. As this grain is the foundation of many types of nutritional cultures, the demand for the commodity increases the likelihood of it being a successful economic venture for a nation. The most common point of view has been to see that a rice grain is grown in a flooded field, thus flooding is assumed to be needed for the rice to grow. This is not true, however, but the flooding provides a method of controlling the field so that infestations of rodents and weeds will not harm the crop. Most often the fields are put into tiers so that the growing can be controlled and can also work its way up a hillside in vertical ascending levels. The growth of the grain and its cultivation through modern methods does not balance with the cost of petroleum to run the machinery against the costs of cultivation. This would drive the market price up without increasing the profit. Therefore, the grain is still most often harvested by hand and the fields controlled by flooding, thus lowering labor costs and providing a controlled market price. Rice as a Commodity According to early information provided by the OEDC as a projection for the growth of the rice market, the expansion of rice demand was only set to grow by 1.6%. This information was released in early 2009. However, because of the events that took place throughout the year, this projection was changed and the FAO predicted an expansion of 2.7%. With this new information, new economic decisions must be made in order to support a growth in demand. This can allow for an opportunity to arise for a nation to take its commodity into higher profits. Rice depends on the Asian market for most of its product. According to Barker., Herdt, .Rose, Rose, 95% of the world average demand for rice is throughout Asia (39). While this percentage can vary according to years linke d to the average and through the types of considerations that are used to develop the figure, it is clear that rice is mostly consumed within the Asian market. Rice as a commodity was at record highs in early 2008, but dropped down to reflect norms by about the middle of the year. While the commodity had been down in the market previous to this, it was expected to rebound in 2009 (OED 2009). The expectation was far exceeded and by the end of 2009, the market had not only rebounded, but it is now projected that in 2010 the increase will be far more significant than earlier imagined (FAO 2009). As a product, rice is a valued and growing market commodity. Rice in Thailand According to Roth (2006), most Thailand farmers own their land and can reap the benefits of a harvest that is profitable (65). As of April 9, 2010, Thailand will be buying up rice in order to increase the price. They estimate they will purchase 900,000 tones of paddy from their farmers so that the price may b e better controlled by controlling the supply of rice (Commodity Online). A current change in the way that rice was purchased, a price insurance scheme that took the place of the paddy pledging program, has had millers upset because of plummeting profits that resulted from this change (Commodity Online). This move to purchase the rice is partially due to the failures of the new program. As stated by the FAO, the price of rice was in late 2009 set to rise as the demand was greater than the supply According to Commodity Online, Thailand as one of the biggest exporters of rice had a great deal of stock in reserve. As of November of 2009, the country was planning on releasing its stockpile to meet the demands of consumers. However, as shown by the decision in April for the government to buy rice from its millers, the release would be calculated with the rise in price controlled. Using this type of a strategy helps for an industry to maintain price control so that the prices neither r ise beyond control, or plummet into despair creating lows. Methodology In order to do research on the efforts that Thailand should make in order to take care advantage of the current state of the rice market, both primary and secondary research should be conducted. Secondary research consists of a literature review of the current literature that is available on the topic. The literature review that is contained in this paper was conducted through a search of libraries, online sources, and databases. A search of the relevant literature allows for the work that has be already done by other researchers to be examined and correlated so that an understanding of the topic can be thoroughly formed. Once the secondary sources have been examined, their relevant content is then grouped into categories and recorded. By placing the sources in grouped categories of information the study will be given a foundation upon which to build relevant conclusions. The main source for the data collection is the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations ), which contained the original information that lead to the investigation of rice production within Thailand. From that source, the information will be researched through examining the individual components of the information by finding relevant content from additional sources. Once a thorough and concise research of secondary resources has been explored and put into the literature review that is within this paper, a primary source of research will begin. The primary research will be done through a gathering of quantifiable data that can be sorted into mathematical sets of commonalities in order to discover the truths about the topic. Use of such analytical tools including Porters five forces theory, PEST and SWOT analysis will be used and the findings will be assessed for relevant conclusions. According to Ethridge (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research requires an atmosphere of questioning, seeking, and exploring without constraints on what is discovered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ (p. 12). The act of research should be done without an expectation of the results, but rather an expectation that what will be discovered is new and noteworthy. As the data is collected, it will be done without expectations that it will fit into findings that are preconceived. The data will be collected on the predilection of discovery, rather than on the expectations of a particular result. The type of research that will be done for this study will be considered subject matter research (Ethridge 2004: 22). This type of research is done in order to support practical solutions to a real problem. This type of research provides those who make policy with the resources from which to make decisions. By providing statistical analysis of the topic in question, decisions can be reached based on recommendations that reflect probabilities that have calculable outcomes. As the research has been developed with proofs of specific ideas that will affect public policy, the concepts are given examinatio n from the perspective of actions that might be taken. In other words, the research will recommend or not recommend actions that Thailand might take in order to support decisions that will take advantage of the current rice market climate. The way in which the methodology is designed will be in attempting to answer the following research questions: Research Questions The following research questions will be relevant to the proposed study: 1. How is the current market an advantage to Thailand and its trade in rice? 2. What method of price control is most likely going to be of the highest benefit to Thailand in the rice commodities? 3. What economic strategy will give Thailand the best overall advantage in the year 2010 with the projected increases in demand? 4. What effect will the current shortages have on the impact of price control for Thailand? 5. What effect have the recent catastrophes in other countries that produce rice had on the market in regard to T hailand? As the data is collected, the answers to these questions will be most relevant to the type of data that is included within the study. Data that is not relevant will not be used and data results that do not show specific answers will be recorded but not used within the study. Data Collection In order to collect appropriate data for the research, the secondary sources must be further examined to find data that is relevant to the topic. Worldwide organizations such as the FAO and the OEDC will be farmed for relevant data that can be associated to an increase in the actions of the Thailand government in regard to taking advantage of the higher demands worldwide. In addition, the usage of rice can be promoted through other means of promotion that might also benefit the Thailand rice trade. These methods of increasing specialized versions of rice and limiting the spread of varieties through imitations of their own original, that of Jasmine rice, will increase profits and promote their interests. In collecting data for the research, public sources will be used so that the information is standard and clear. Information that has been tabulated by reliable researchers will be used to create a foundation for the information that is created for the purposes of this study. In c ollecting data for a study such as this, certain limitations will apply as follows. Limitations The following is a list of limitations that might influence the data collection process, thereby directing false results or results that are less than accurate.. 1. The research will have a negative impact due to the limitations of the researcher in conducting all evaluations. The researcher will have to rely on outside sources for the initial statistics that are used to calculate the results. 2. The results will be limited by the number of resources with relevant information to the topic. 3. The research will be limited by the information that is made public which may or may not reflect the truth of the current situation in Thailand. The research is limited by the information that is released that is relevant to the work. 4. The market changes daily, as in evidence of the just released information that the Thailand government would be purchasing a great deal of the rice that has been produced in order to control the price. Commodities are not simply a product that is ruled by the concept of simple supply and demand, but a complex web of concepts that must be analyzed before a government makes a decision with the intent of protecting its interests. As this study will depend on the work done by previous researchers and by public information and statistics, the researcher will have to depend on the accuracy of those works and that there are no variables that are not being revealed. As the economy of Thailand depends on the health of its rice trade, the information that is revealed is with the intent of promoting better trade with the advantage of the nation in mind. As the statistics that are used for this research will reflect some of the aspects of Thailand rice commodities, the reliability of those figures will have to be used with the assumption that correct information is available. Data Analysis The secondary sources will be examined for their relevant content and then grouped into categories that can be assessed for information that will create the foundation for the conclusions of the study. The statistics that are compiled from public resources in regard to Thailand rice production will be found through both worldwide organizations and Thailand national resources. Once a thorough and concise research of secondary resources has been explored and put into the literature review that is within this paper, a primary source of research will begin. The primary research will be comprised of analysis that is done through The primary research will be done through a gathering of quantifiable data that can be sorted into mathematical sets of commonalities in order to discover the truths about the topic. Use of such analytical tools including Porters five forces theory, PEST and SWOT analysis will be used and the findings will be assessed for relevant conclusions. According to Ethridge (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Research requires an atmosphere of questioning, seeking, and exploring without constraints on what is discovered à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ (p. 12). The act of research should be done without an expectation of the results, but rather an expectation that what will be discovered is new and noteworthy. As the data is collected, it will be done without expectations that it will fit into findings that are preconceived. The data will be collected on the predilection of discovery, rather than on the expectations of a particular result. The type of research that will be done for this study will be considered subject matter research (Ethridge 2004: 22). This type of research is done in order to support practical solutions to a real problem. This type of research provides those who make policy with the resources from which to make decisions. By providing statistical analysis of the topic in question, decisions can be reached based on recommendations that reflect pro babilities that have calculable outcomes. As the research has been developed with proofs of specific ideas that will affect public policy, the concepts are given examination from the perspective of actions that might be taken. In other words, the research will recommend or not recommend actions that Thailand might take in order to support decisions that will take advantage of the current rice market climate. Time scale plan The time frame for the study will be based on a reasonable amount of time allotted so that the information can properly researched and assessed. The first portion of the study will be to thoroughly discover the many secondary resources that are available on the topic of rice in regard to Thailands use of the commodity as an economic advantage over the course of the next year. This research should take approximately a week to complete. Another week should be spent creating data streams from which the research will be compiled and conclusions drawn. The third week of the research project will be spent creating statistical conclusions that can be useful to making decisions about the rice exportation from Thailand. The last week of the study will be spent making conclusions and determining the relevant patterns from the statistical analysis that has been made. During this analysis the results of the study will be decided and recorded.

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Second Coming...

Things fall apart, this phrase being used in both the novel title Things Fall Apart and the poem written by Yeats, â€Å"The Second Coming† keeps us wondering how both are related. Achebe uses Yeats’ poem as an epigraph to foreshadow how the events in the novel later on might occur. Reading the epigraph, we come to understand that Yeats is referring to an image of disaster and to a society that is losing control. In Things Fall Apart, the community faces some changes that affect the lives of certain main characters and leads to a very severe disaster. Achebe uses a lot of imagery and dualism in his novel to portray certain messages to the readers and to clarify his point. Also, Achebe wanted to answer back any writer who criticized the Africans and insulted them. He wanted the voice of the Africans to be heard and to take a stand when the Christians came in and tried to change a lot in the traditions that were present. Both, the poem and the novel are related in a way t hat shows how the downfall of the main character, Okonkwo, happened and what lead to it. Both writers have many things in common in their writings that can be compared in a social and religious way. Achebe uses double meaning in order to pass on his messages to the readers. The epigraph starts by introducing a falcon which doesn’t feel safe and starts to get more out of control. When comparing the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and William butler Yeats poem The Second Coming, at first thereShow MoreRelated Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe vs. The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats492 Words   |  2 Pages â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe vs. â€Å"The Second Coming† by William Butler Yeats When comparing the novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart† by Chinua Achebe and William butler Yeats poem â€Å"The Second Coming†, at first there seem to be no similarities except for the phrase â€Å"things fall apart† which is used in both. But as one closely examinee the reasons why both authors use this sentence, one realizes that both of them try to show a great change, which, in the poem is related to reality, while in the novelRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart And William Butler Yeats The Second Coming1128 Words   |  5 Pagesit has been illustrated in the past. This in turn connects the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead More A Comparison of Chaos in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming850 Words   |  4 PagesChaos in Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and The Second Coming by William Butler Yeats have been considered literary classics. Although there may be a gap between the times of publication, the themes and connotations are strikingly similar. In both works, there is a progression of chaos in time caused by change and eventually leads to an end. Inner conflict plays an important role in both works. In Things Fall Apart, the main characterRead More Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming Essay521 Words   |  3 Pages Things Fall Apart and The Second Coming nbsp; nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Second Coming nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; By William Butler Yeats nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Turning and turning in the widening gyre nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The falcon cannot hear the falconer, nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Things fall apart; the centre cannot hold; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Mere anarchy is loosened uponRead MoreImperialism In The 19Th Century Resulted In European Countries1726 Words   |  7 Pagescountries.When Chinua Achebe published Things fall apart in 1958, a novel criticizing the European aspects of imperialism, his aspiration was to teach readers that â€Å"their past-with all its imperfections-was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God’s behalf delivered them†(Chinua Achebe on the Role of the African Writer, 1964). 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This in turn hooks the readers with two works that seemingly contradict with the ideas of Miller and can be seen as tragedies, they include Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart and William Butler Yeats’ poem â€Å"The Second Coming.† In the novel Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, as we all readers know pursues the stereotypical set-up of developing a tragic hero to a certain extent. In my eyes, the common man is Okonkwo whose tragic figure is troubled withRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1543 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature. Chinua Achebe, the author of Things Fall Apart, said in an interview that the main reason for writing this novel was to encourage other African writers to write about their past in order to refute the stories of the Europeans, claiming that Africans are uncivilized animals, but also shows that the Ibo were not a perfect society, highlighting the parts of Ibo culture that are considered heinous crimes today, in order to prove that there were no truly civilized societies. In his novel Things FallRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart990 Words   |  4 PagesChinua Achebe Biography Chinua Achebe, the author of  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, was known for writing about the imposition of white men on African society. Achebe was a Nigerian man who became one of the most well-known authors in the world. His works were inspired by African culture and he helped define African literature. Chinua’s most famous literary work is  ¨Things Fall Apart ¨, but he has many other books that he is known for, including â€Å"No Longer at Ease†,  ¨Arrow of God ¨, and  ¨A Man of the People ¨

Socrates and the Soul Free Essays

Socrates believed the most important task, in life, was to care for ones soul. Socrates argues that the soul is immortal and that we must rise above our physical nature in order to gain true knowledge. He believed the soul was our very essence, and our bodies the instrument utilized in dealing with the physical world. We will write a custom essay sample on Socrates and the Soul or any similar topic only for you Order Now Socrates seemed confidant that human beings survive physical death, therefore possessing an immortal soul. He felt a philosophers concern was not with the body but with the soul and the body played no part in the attainment of knowledge. The body to him was an obstacle in the search for knowledge and there is a division between the body and soul. The soul being immortal and that wisdom and virtue come from the soul. Socrates proposes that after death the soul exists by itself, apart from the body, while the body, remains by itself, apart from the soul. In the Phaedo, Socrates’ friends suggest that the soul will die along with the body. Socrates believes that the soul is immortal and if a person detaches himself from the physical pleasures of the world his soul may become free to follow the gods into Hades. However, if the soul has indulged in the physical pleasures it will be riveted to the body and may not want to go join the gods in Hades and so the soul will remain here among the living. One of the most important parts of Socrates’ theory explains that in order for the soul to leave the body you must separate yourself from the physical aspects in life, so that they won’t compel you back to this world. This will ensure the soul will break away from the physical realm and join the gods in Hades. In death, Socrates was very confident that he would achieve this and in turn would join the gods when he drank the poison that nded his life. The soul explains Socrates, rules over the body; however the body may deceive the soul through the senses. The soul may use these senses while dealing with things that are physical, but it should not always believe them. If the soul relies too heavily on the senses, then it may start to value the physical realm more than the knowledge that comes from the soul. However, men need to service the body in order to remain here on Earth and because of this the body may distort the needs of the soul to be that of the body. Socrates differentiates the body and soul in terms of their respective desires; where they place their happiness. He felt that the body is the prison of the soul. â€Å"Because every pleasure and pain, as it were, another nail to rivet the soul to the body and weld them together†. (Plato, Phaedo, 83d). The body’s pleasures and pains make the soul believe that truth is what the body says. Socrates felt that the soul needs protection from the corruption of the body by practising such virtues as courage, temperance, and by thinking about incorporeal or ideal subjects. However the body’s voice always interrupts these pure contemplations with its own concerns: â€Å"feed me,† â€Å"time to buy new clothes,† â€Å"get me a drink,† â€Å"let’s make love,† â€Å"I’m tired. † etc. He observes that the body’s primary concerns are the pleasures of eating, drinking, and sex; whereas the soul sets its desires on attaining wisdom. Socrates implies that these two desires are in opposition of each other. This is why the soul of a philosopher must turn away from the body and it’s desires to set the soul free from its bodily desires in order to attain true knowledge. The main arguments concerning the immortality of the soul come from the Phaedo. Socrates believed that when his body ceased to exist anymore, his soul would leave and join that of the gods where he would be eternally. He believed so strongly of this that he did not fear death but welcomed it. He believed that the soul is shackled with the body as if it were a prison so that thought is contaminated or compromised. Man is made up of Body and Soul, but the soul is corrupted by the material wants of the body and it then loses the ability to perform its true function. What Socrates felt was to communicate with the divine. Socrates believed that the human soul was invisible, immortal, and the director of the physical body. He felt that Philosophy is a divine activity and as such must prepare the soul with wisdom for dying and death. The philosopher listens to the body’s temptations as little as possible because the body complains that it lacks pleasure, but that fulfilment of pleasure always leads to more suffering so that the body again complains. This is a continuous cycle and his belief was that a person should care for their soul first and foremost and that a person’s soul was what made him/her who they really were. The soul was the whole centre of one’s character it was the basis of thoughts, feelings, values, decisions and the state of the soul made a person either foolish or wise. By self examination and soul searching as well as ridding oneself of ignorance, he felt that like the body the soul would be kept healthy. Socrates believed that only when the soul separated from the body, is a person able to be truly enlightened and gain all knowledge. This enlightenment has been Socrates’ life long goal of discovering the truth. He recognized it as the separation of the two worlds as the spirit was freed from the corpse (body), and its material concerns so that specific thought can finally apprehend the truth. He felt that â€Å"the soul reasons best when none of the senses troubles it, neither hearing nor sight, nor pain nor any pleasure, but when it is most by itself, taking leave of the body and as far as possible having no contact or association with it in its search for reality†. (Phaedo 65c). Socrates believed that in dying you learn complete knowledge because that is the time that your soul leaves your body and there are no more interferences. Even at the hour of his death he showed no hesitation and welcomed death, with no obstacles in his way this would be his ultimate pursuit of knowledge. Biography Plato,The Trail and Death of Socrates. Translated by G. M. A Grube. Third Edition. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 2000 Plato Phaedo. Translated by G. M. A. Grube. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. , 1977. How to cite Socrates and the Soul, Papers

Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining. Answer: Introduction: Prospecting is ideally the initial stage of geological analysis and involves searching for mineral, special metals, fossils or even mineral specimens physically. It is a form of mineral exploration that is done on a small scale and is an organized large-scale effort that is done by mineral companies in a bid to establish the commercial viability of ore deposits. Mineral exploration is the step by step process by which information on the mineral potential of a region is collected(Bhmer, 2013, p.189). The sequence begins with an idea or a geologic model that identifies land that can be further explored after which the appropriate target areas are stakes as mineral claims before mineral rights are secured. Improve the comprehension of the effects of widespread igneous activity on the surface of the earth Provide a framework for the exploitation of viable mineral sites and deposits Find out regional scale vectors for mineralization(Marjoribanks, 2014, p.166) Map geochemical and alteration footprints under mineral cover Prospecting and exploration strategies Planning: Involves collecting and analyzing the information that is available in the public domain on the potential exploration areas. This is aimed at identifying the areas that have explorable potential interest. Recording of Mineral Claims: This involves securing of mineral rights which are done by staking and recording mineral claims with the necessary authorities(Revuelta, 2017, p.152). Reconnaissance: This is a strategy to identify the possible anomalies that show the presence of mineralization in the identified areas during the stages of planning. These anomalies are used as the targets for further exploration. Sampling and Assaying: Sampling involves collecting part of the mineral deposit while assaying dealing with the tests aimed at determining the metallic contents of a rock sample. This strategy is done at different stages. Economic Evaluation: This estimates the operating costs and the capital needed for a mine. It also establishes the expected revenue returns from the ore deposits, the lifespan of the mine and the costs of post-closure rehabilitation(Hinze, 2013, p.162). State Name of mine site/ Geographical locality of the mine site Principal shareholding company Mode of formation ore-bearing rock type commercial use Victoria Ballarat Castle Maine Goldfield Transformation of the common metals of the earth by sun rays Veins and reefs Making jewelry and other decorative items Queensland Omya Australia Pty Ltd/ Rock Hampton Nuplex IndustriesLimited Occur in rocks of shelf origin Calcite Manufacture of cement, glass New South Wales Glandell Coal Mine/ Glandell YanzhouCoal Mining Company Conversion of dead plant matter to peat Kaolinite Generation of electricity Western Australia Agnew Gold Mine/Leinster Gold Fields Gold-bearing fluids on sites Veins and reefs Making jewelry and other decorative items South Australia Angas Zinc Mine/Adelaide Terramin Australia Ltd Occurs as a primary ore Rakes Manufacture of a range of products including paint, cosmetics, rubber etc Following the impact of mining n the environment, environmental authorizations are a fundamental requirement in all the stages of development in the operations of mining. There are standards approvals that are always offered at the beginning of the early stages of operations in order to ensure that there are minimal disturbances caused to the land. Still more sophisticated approval is a need in cases where more invasive operations areas or in very sensitive environments(Marjoribanks, 2010, p.147). Prospection and exploration projects that call for sophisticated environmental issues need statements on environmental impact which will be elaborate studies, community consultation, assessments as well as an extensive environmental management plan. The authority in charge of the environment is granted the powers to make such approvals which are normally issued depending on the conditions surrounding the environmental management plan that has been built. The provision of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is a legislation that the explorer must be aware of and comply with during the various phases of exploration and prospecting(Hoover, 2017, p.202). This act provides an outline for protection of the Australian environment such as it natural and culturally important places and its biodiversity. It offers a framework for the protection of the nationally and internationally significant fauna, fauna and heritage placed and ecological communities as outlined in the act as matters that constitute national environmental significance. The act provides for a range of processes that are meant to promote and protect the recovery and conservation of the threatened ecological communities and species as well as conserve important places on the verge of declining. The acts outline seven matters that are considered to be of national environmental significance: Migratory species World Heritage properties Wetlands of international importance National heritage places Commonwealth marine areas(Rogers, 2014, p.110) Nuclear actions; and Threatened species and ecological communities Exploration Results refer to clear and concise diagrams and maps that are geared towards the representation of the geological context. Included on these maps are the plan view of the drill hole collar location as well as the appropriate views of the sections. There are minimum standards that are provided by the Australian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves(Revuelta, 2017, p.177). These standards are aimed at ensuring that the investors and their advisers have at their disposal information that they would need to help them come up with a reliable opinion on the approximations and results that are being reported. Through the JORC code, decision making among the investors and their advisers is highly enhanced and transparency in investment in the mineral sector highly facilitated. Exploration results include data and information that have been produced by the programs of mineral exploration and are found to be useful to the investor in a way or another but are not part of the declaration of Mineral Resources(Hinze, 2013, p.138). By complying with JORC code in the reporting of exploration results, it means the companies that may wish to publish the results of its exploration follow the guidelines that are provided in the JORC Code specifically under clause 19. Clause 19 provides that the results of public exploration must bear enough information to permit a considered and stable judgment of their importance. It also states that public reports on exploration results must not be presented in such a way that they unreasonably imply the discovery of a potential economic mineralization(Rogers, 2014, p.124). In the case of reporting assay or analytical results, either of the following methods must be used in doing the reporting as chosen by a competent person: report ing on the weighted average grades of all the mineralized zones, illustrating how the calculations on the grades were done and listing the results alongside the sample intervals. In the context of JORC code, one is classified as a Competent Person if the person is a member of the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy or any other relevant body. The person must have at least five years of working experience with the deposit type or mineralization style that is under consideration and of very high relevance to the activity that the individual is undertaking. An example is where the Competent Person is making a report on Exploration Results. In such a case, the person must be equipped with the relevance experiences in exploration to be considered competent. Engineering geology mainly deals with the application of the knowledge on geology to the engineering study with the aim of ensuring that the geological factors among them design, operation, construction, location and maintenance of the engineering works are acknowledged and accounted for(Gocht, 2012, p.197). Engineering geologists are thus ideally tasked with the presentation of geotechnical and geological analyses, designs and recommendations that are in line with human development and the different types of structures. Engineering geologists that conduct both technical and scientific research analysis of groundwater, soil, rocks among other related conditions and establish the most likely impact that will be caused by any construction developments done on such sites. These professionals provide information to the technical service on the geological factors that have an impact on the various mining activities. This they achieve through conducting an analysis of the materials of the ground and find out their factors thereby provide advice on the best procedures and practices for mineral prospection and exploration process and the suitability of the mining process(Hinze, 2013, p.112). Engineering geologists achieve ensure this information is availed by: Preparing reports Offering advice and information to the miners on numerous issues among them proposed exploration and prospection of the mines Planning and taking investigations on fieldwork or site through the creation of trial pits and boreholes Ascertaining that the projects are completed within the stipulated timelines and budget Assessing and reporting on the strategies of minimizing results from natural and man-made exposure factors in the environment(Bell, 2013, p.188) Gathering, analyzing and interpreting data Accessing, using and analyzing information about the site before site investigations and exploration kicks off Engineering geologists use various methods in order to obtain the information that they are to share with the technical services division. Among the method include deformation monitoring which is used as a method of systematic measurement and tracking any changes that might have occurred in the dimensions or shape of an object, sampling, excavation and logging of the rock materials of the earth, review on the geologic maps, engineering plans, geologic literature, remote sensing data, GPRS data, geotechnical reports as well as environmental plans(Bhmer, 2013, p.255). They also use geophysical surveys and geologic field mapping of the geologic formations, hazards, soil units and geologic structures. References Bell, F.G., 2013. Engineering Geology and Geotechnics. 3rd ed. New York: Elsevier. Bhmer, M., 2013. Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier. Gocht, W.R., 2012. International Mineral Economics: Mineral Exploration, Mine Valuation, Mineral Markets, International Mineral Policies. 4th ed. Paris: Springer Science Business Media. Hinze, W.J., 2013. Gravity and Magnetic Exploration: Principles, Practices, and Applications. 4th ed. Chicago: Cambridge University Press. Hoover, H., 2017. Principles of Mining: Valuation, Organization and Administration; Copper, Gold, Lead, Silver, Tin and Zinc. 5th ed. Oxford: CHIZINE PUBN. Marjoribanks, R., 2010. Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining. 2nd ed. London: Springer Science Business Media. Marjoribanks, R., 2014. Geological Methods in Mineral Exploration and Mining. 7th ed. London: Springer Science Business Media. Revuelta, M.B., 2017. Mineral Resources: From Exploration to Sustainability Assessment. 3rd ed. New York: Springe. Rogers, J., 2014. Adventure Capitalist: The Ultimate Road Trip. 4th ed. Manchester: Wiley.