The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Sustainable Development Dissertation

The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Sustainable Development - Dissertation Example 26 3.5 GrSCM and CSR †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 3.6 SCM and Environmentalism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 28 Table of Contents (cont’n.) Chapter 4 Impact of Supply Chain on Green Logistics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 29 4.1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 30 4.2 Performance Standards †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 31 4.3 Impact of GRSCM on Organisations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 32 4.4 Responsibilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 4.5 Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 4.6 Barriers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 4.7 The Green Business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 4.8 Best Practice: TQM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 37 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 40 5.1 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 40 5.2 Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 42 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 List of Figures Figure 1 – Traditional Supply Chain Strategy Figure 2 – SCM material and information flow Figure 3 – Competitiveness in supply chain Figure 4 – Functions of green supply chain Figure 5 – Framework of green... Traditionally, supply chain is about profits and producing more products in the age of globalisation. But as the number of conscience-stricken businessmen grew, products are aimed for customer satisfaction taking into consideration environmental protection. Early proponents of green supply chain management formulated a set of alternatives aimed at changing the ways people deal with nature and organisational processes not harmful to the environment. It is possible that we can live in the age of globalisation and advanced technology, but not being abusive to the environment. Green supply chain management became a goal of managers including organisations aiming for a sustainable future. The methodology used in this dissertation is a mix of literature review and analysis of secondary researches. Concepts of traditional supply chain and green supply chain management were analysed and compared and conclusions and recommendations were drawn from the analysis. It can be concluded this early that green supply chain management is a phenomenon and a challenge for businesses and organisations are aiming for long-term relationships with customers and, a value-added supply chain, and above all, a sustainable future.

Research method and statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research method and statistics - Essay Example The following points are needed to be elucidated: The article does not reveal the level of engagement while discussing the listening and understanding on the basis of communication. The dependent variable i.e. communication level must have been clarified by interlinking it to the independent variable in order to interpret the concepts in the variables of hypothesis. The author must have been elaborated the concept communication level in a therapy so that the readers could fully comprehend with the ideas the author intended to explore. In order to examine the article and points given in it, it comes to know that the authors have failed to allude to the relevant literature as well as any research work so that the theme could be carried more weight. Further, the relevant material would have been supportive to for any new research article and expressed the broad knowledge and deep study of the writer. It has limited the views within the structure of the thoughts of the present authors. Moreover, the article looks unable to clarify the duration of the counseling they applied in respect of hydrotherapy treatment. The timings and the duration of the therapeutic counseling must be determined for the better understanding of the readers and patients interested in adopting the therapy for the cure. What the hydrotherapy sessions include, what kind of activities they use, who takes part in these activities and also how many times per week they applied the hydrotherapy. The article lacked the details of the therapeutic process and activities involved in it, as well as methodology implemented in the treatment technique. It does not focus why and when the patients should avail themselves of the hydrotherapy for their cure. The authors lack comprehension and ignore most fundamental principles while preparing a research work. They look unable to classify the variables even. They

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication Essay - 7

Hazardous Material Management and Hazard Communication - Essay Example By names, it means the names of both the hazardous chemicals and the other chemicals perceived as not hazardous (McLeod 2009). The availability of spread sheet that has more information such as chemicals name, manufacturer’s name, room number stored and availability of the material safety data sheet that should be available to all the employees when needed. The inventory would be very current if also the chemicals with a higher flammability level are well indicated in the inventory well. The inventories should have spaces for recording the chemicals physical properties it contains, health hazards it can cause this helps to be able to choose the kind of protective wear to use on the chemical( Hoboken 2009). The inventory would be said to be current if it includes the manufacturer’s emergency number. This emergency number helps in getting back to the manufacturer in case of a chemical spill or an unusual reaction of the hazardous chemical. The inventory would be current if it is checked regularly and a different person from the same department crosschecks again. In conclusion, the inventory should be very much current with all the said things above-mentioned (McLeod

The Song of Roland Essay Example for Free

The Song of Roland Essay Count Roland was the epitome of everything a Carolingian knight should be. He was virtuous in every possible way. Bravery, piety, modesty, strength, and ability are all adjectives that aptly describe Sir Roland. In the work The Song of Roland a portrayal of 8th Century warfare and practices are given to the reader. We see a world were values such as loyalty, friendship, and piety co-exist with values such as ferocity in combat, eagerness to kill infidels, and lionizing of the sacking of cities and looting of the dead. What could bring about such opposing values into one moral code? Perhaps the system of values existing in 8th Century Frankish society is a combination of moral systems. Frankish knights of the Carolingian Era adhered to a strict moral code that drew many values from Christian doctrine, but also drew heavily from the moral system of a warlike barbarian people; such as the early Frankish tribes as portrayed in History of the Franks by Gregory the Bishop of Tours. During the time of Clovis I Christianity was just beginning as the state religion of the Franks. In Gregorys depiction of the Frankish people following the death of Clovis I, he shows a society were murder, incest and the killing of ones own son is perfectly acceptable. Treachery and ambush are expunged as virtues befitting a great ruler. The only mentions of Christianity in the text seem to be purposely placed there by Gregory. While the Franks claim to be Christian at this time they clearly do not understand the moral code that goes along with their Christian faith. Understanding of that Christian faith comes at a later time. Loyalty in particular seems to be a central virtue of Carolingian knights. Roland says once, It is fitting we should stay here for our king; a man should suffer hardships for his lord, and persevere in heat and cold; a man should lose if need be, hide and hair (Roland 83). This attitude of sacrifice for your lord, and loyalty unto death is very different from the attitude of the early Franks. In Gregorys account Frankish warriors care more for booty than loyalty. Theodoric knew that the men of Clermont-Ferrand were ready to betray him. Follow me, said he to his people, and I will lead you to a land where you will be able to lay your hands on so much gold and silver than even your desire for loot will be satisfied (Gregory 6). Roland and his twelve companions were ready to die for the honor of their king, while the men of Clermont-Ferrand fought only for the promise of booty. This ideal of loyalty and faithfulness can only have come from the influence of the Catholic Church. Piety is clearly very important to the Carolingian knight. Before their deaths many of the twelve companions seek penance and absolution so that they may enter Heaven. Roland begs Gods mercy as he dies saying, True Father, who hath never told a lie, Who resurrected Lazarus from the dead, and Who protected Daniel from the lions, protect the soul in me from every peril brought on by wrongs Ive done throughout my life! (Roland 124). This statement shows Rolands understanding of Christian doctrine. He comprehends the need for absolution in order to attain paradise, and he clearly has a thorough understanding and knowledge of scripture, as he quotes from the Bible in numerous places. During and following the time of Clovis I the Franks understanding of piety was simple. If you were pious, you won battles, if you werent, you lost. Gregory said in regard to successes, they have come to Christians who confess the blessed Trinity and ruin has come to heretics who have tried the same. (Gregory 1) So on the battlefield is were you proved your piousness, not in your life or during prayer. This is clearly a gross misunderstanding of Christian doctrine by the early Franks. Ferocity in combat is perhaps one of the most important characteristics of a Frankish knight. It co-exists with loyalty, friendship and piety, all Christian virtues. Roland who is the epitome of the Carolingian knight is the fiercest warrior of them all. His ability is thus described, the baron goes ands strikes with all his force upon the jewel-studded golden casque, cuts downward through the head, the trunk and the byrnie, the well-made saddle set with gems and gold, and deep into the backbone of the horse (Roland 100). This cleaving of a man in two is not deemed tragic or saddening as one would expect from a Christian society, instead it is raised up as an example of a good Christian activity. Killing infidels is never sinful. Indeed even the Archbishop himself engages in such activity, But Turpin strikes He spits his body (the Spaniards) through from side to side and throws him dead upon an open spot. (Roland 98) Even though many Christian ideals have sunk into Frankish society, the warlike nature of the Franks still endures during the Carolingian age. Sacking towns and acquiring plunder are not the chief motivation for warfare, as they were during early Frankish history, but these activities are still very central to warfare in the Carolingian age. Following the retreat of the Spanish Charles knights loot the bodies of the dead enemy knights even before pursuing the retreating enemy (Roland 126). Many mentions are made of the numerous towns that Roland had sacked prior to this story. The fact that Roland had killed thousands of innocents and burned hundreds of homes is not used to criticize Roland, instead it is used as an example of his prowess as a warrior. This attitude toward random slaughter and plunder is clearly not inline with Christian morals. Its origins must instead be from early Frankish society. When Christianity first entered Frankish society it was merely a new version of paganism for the Franks who practiced it. They viewed the Christian god as more powerful than other pagan deities, and so they converted to Christianity. At no point though did they embrace the moral code of Catholicism. However, later under Charlemagne the missionaries had mostly finished their work of educating the Franks. The knights portrayed in The Song of Roland clearly understand the morals of piety, honesty, loyalty and friendship. They also demonstrated a thorough knowledge of Christian doctrine and scripture. Even though the Carolingian knights were more Christian, certainly than the Franks of the 6th Century, they were still not totally inline with true Christian morals. Slaughter, plundering and mortal combat were still held in high esteem during the Carolingian era. These barbaric ideals still existed in Frankish society, despite the efforts of Christian missionaries. Clearly the moral code of the Carolingian knight was a combination of Christian values, and the value system of the early Frankish tribes.

Design And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay

Design And Develop Supermarket Sales System Services Computer Science Essay It contains details for the customers, suppliers and products. This system contains two types of users, administrator and the end user. The administrator has the authorization to create new users, edit an existing user and delete a user or disable a user. This system generates multi reports for costumer, supplier, product, and soling. This will cut down the amount you spend away from the primary focus of your business and getting more control over your business. CHAPTER ONE Introduction SMSSS is solving a problem that could face any business. An inventory that could disappears from your stores, pharmacies, restaurants and hospitals, due to theft, wastage and employee misuse; because employee will know that inventory is being carefully tracked. SMSSS can instantly tell you about how many a particular product have sold today, or in any period you want. My Graduation Project is applied on supermarket; this will help on tracking its remaining inventory, spot sales trends, use historical data to better forecast your needs and detailed sales reports make it much easier for it; to keep the right on hand. SMSSS will include two types of users, administered user and a normal user. The first will have the authorization to add users to check the reports and observing the suppliers. The normal user just will prepare the customers orders and print out the billing. Every SMSSS system needs a printer to create credit card slips for customer but the users will deal with this system without using that printer therefore the paying will be in separate operation with normal printer. Touch screens are more intuitive to use than keyboards for many users, but in this case there will not be a touch screens, the users will depend on the keyboard and a computer only. It is a simple system without providing the flexibility to users. Background As it is mention before in the introduction this project will apply on supermarket, which has number of employees who received the customers orders. This supermarket is new, so it is looking for suitable manner to run on their business. This work is usually want a faster user who understand the customers order in short time, and save the money by count the orders price without mistake, especially when your business is run will and lot of customers orders you should focus on to not effected on your business, that why the SMSSS system will helps to save money, provide productivity gains. Objective Our project helps to record any and all sales, it automate overall inventory control, helping to keep stocks in proper balance depend on demand and other factors, so management is much easier. Also you are able to track promotions more successfully, whether through capons and special discount. In SMSSS you get many tools in a single package. SMSSS can make better use of your personal by little is more maddening to a business owner than watching his/her staff bogged down. SMSSS reduce paperwork, increase productivity, reduce time you have to spend doing inventory, provide more precise information on the rate at which each product in your inventory moves so you know when and how much of each item to order, showing you what selling and what not, which vendor product are profitable, and which vendors are making you the most money overall. In this case, your customer gets faster and more accurate service. CHAPTER TWO (Project Deliverables) Project Deliverables The deliverables for this project is consisting into four main sections: Research Analysis and Design Implementation and Testing Testing and Evaluation Project management 2.1 Research In this section, it will gather information about HCI, and similar software to the one that will be built and the language that decide to use. 2.2 Analysis and Design Analysis is the process of breaking a case or topic into many smaller parts to increase a better understanding of it. This way will helps to find the functionality of the software should have, and what programming language should used to implement it, and solve problems found during the research section, and discuss what methodology will use for both designing and implementing the system. Design method consists of the modeling language and the design process. Modeling language is a convention detailing how the design will be written on the paper. Unified Language is an example of a modeling language (UML). It makes details on how the software will be developed. 2.3 Implementation and Testing The design section will contain screen designs as well as the core design of the software and the way it is implemented and it will include the testing and evaluation. 2.4 Testing and Evaluation Testing is establishing a software system to find out the errors. Testing a set of programs against requirements specification expressed in different diagram such as data flow and entity relationship diagrams. In the process of software development, testing has historically been left until the code has been written. [1] Testing code done by different people at different times. The testers are depending on which testing is being done and the resources allocated in order to tasting a particular software product. The testers could be: the programmers, a team of testers, people represent the market for the software, the client and maintainer [1]. During and after implementation the software, code is being tested .Pre-implementation testing is done by a testing team of reviewers project manager or clients or system developers. After implementation or code testing, software developers prefer to taste the system from the bottom up, in order to check if they launch to have coded correctly. The testers applying two main testing techniques: black box testing and white box testing. There are many different of testing such as unit testing, test phases, system testing, integration testing, regression testing , acceptance testing, release testing and beta testing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..[1] 2.5 Project Management Eatch project can run smoothly and efficiently according to some sort of managements. This ways of monitoring the project is important in order to controlling the costs and benefits of any project. If there are occurred reasons that make the work is running late, or make the costs are beginning to escalate, it is necessary and essential to discover this as soon as possible and to be able to recovery these bugs . That cause uncovered a problem then corrective action can be taken to have the possible effects of the problem reduced. The project manager is responsible for organizing planning, monitoring and controlling the project only if the management side has been separated from the technical development. [2] The task of the project management, plan, estimate time and effort, identify tasks for the team, use prior experience, schedule work, use resources, monitor and control the progress of the project, evaluate what is priority , and identify quickly the causes of problems all these are expensive, in terms of both time and money. [2]It is important to project manager to be able to identify areas of risk, such as lack of knowledge, occurred new technologies or problems relating to requirements, and to obviate these all plans should be prepared.[2] most of project managers use such as graphics of charts to scheduling their work there are many different types of char, they mainly fall into one of two categories, bar chart which is often referred to Gantt chart) and network chart which is often referred to (CPM or PERT or CPA) in this project well use the Gantt Chart in order to organize our timing,. Chapter Three Research Similar Product There are a variety of software solutions available for Cashier Assistant (point of sale). Several different approaches are examined here to compare different features and gain an understanding of the best approach to take when designing a Cashier Assistant (POS) in the following pages, good and bad points about surveyed application will be examined on what to add or to improve in the software to be. The layout of this examination is follow: The name of the being application A list of good points about the application A list of bad point about the application 3.1 Harolds Fine Home Lighting is a company based on tradition with 17 independent workstations. 3.1.1 Good Points Fast Eliminate the need for separate point of sale terminal. Provide quick verification and processing of credit cards at the POS. Simple bar coding and efficient, create a reliable way to control inventory. 3.1.2 Bad Points Huge data, there is no automatically back up. Difficult to update 3.2 Rod Works 5 stores depends on sale items 3.2.1 Good Points Automatically generate purchase orders when items fall below recorder levels Reduce inventory carrying costs by tracking inventory turns and gaining Generate discrepancy reports to resolve errors in physical inventory 3.2.2 Bad Point Huge data, there is no automatically back up. Difficult to update Research into HCI Human computer interaction is created by computer software and hardware. Human computer interaction makes computer and human interface more interesting and satisfies users needs. Human computer interaction design methodologies are based on User Centered Design. They are focus group, affordable analysis, participatory design, rapid prototyping, user scenario, value-sensitive design, and contextual design, etc. In Human computer interaction design seven principles are considered, tolerance, simplicity, Visibility, Affordance, Feedback, Structure, Consistency, etc. web interface and normal GUI are used according to the purpose. It is used for conferences, space shuttles, aircrafts, etc[3] The human-computer interface is the point of communication between the user and the computer. There are several goals depend on the end user to gain his interaction. Environment: depend where the user is used his own machine in which environment, college park whatever. Input information: the tasks the required by the user to the computer. Output data: whatever have generated from the computer represented to the user. Feedback: whatever the user required pass to the computer and forward back. HCI is affected by several forces of future computing for example:[5] Reduction hardware price guiding to larger memories and quicker systems. Miniaturization of hardware guiding to portability. Decrease in power needs guiding to portability. New present technologies guiding to the packaging of computational machines in new shapes. Specialized hardware guiding to new roles. Improved progress of network communication and shared out computing. Increasingly extensive use of computers, especially by user who are outside of the computing occupation. Growing novelty in input techniques (e.g., voice, gesture, pen), combined with lowering price, guiding to fast computerization by people who left out of the computer insurgency. Widespread common concerns guiding to get better contact computers by disadvantaged groups Interview Techniques interview Inputs interview Outputs interview Interaction Techniques interview Issues kinds of input principle s (e.g., choice, distinct parameter specification, nonstop control) Input techniques: keyboard, menus, mouse-, pen-based, voice. kinds of output principles, express precise information, abstract information, show processes, create illustration of information) Output techniques like: scrolling present, windows, animation, sprites, fish-eye displays) Screen describe issues (e.g., focus, clutter, visual logic) Dialogue type and techniques for example: form filling, menu selection, icons and direct treatment, generic functions) searching, error management Multimedia and non-graphical dialogues: mic, speaker, voice mail, video mail, active documents, CD-ROM Real-time reaction issues Manual organize theory Supervisory control, automatic systems, embedded systems Standards protection 3.2 Research on Software Tools 3.2.1 Research on Java http://www.csci.csusb.edu/dick/samples/java.html http://101.lv/learn/Java/ch1.htm Java is an object oriented program it is often used in VCRs and toasters it was originally called OAK it is a high level language developed by Sun Microsystems. One a real information is that Java is based on the first version of C++. Java includes a set of class libraries that provide basic data types it is standard Java environment, system input and output capabilities, and other utility functions. Java is Platform that means it is easy to move the program from one computer to other. This is as an advantage of java over other programming languages. To execute a Java program a bytecode interpreter should be run. Bytecode is built into every Java-enabled browser. it is read the bytecodes and executes your Java program it is often called the Java virtual machine or the Java runtime. Java is a language that should compiled into the special machines code to then interpret. The role of the interpreter is to protect the machine from errors that can break down operating systems in C++. Compiled code can run on different systems, so a Java program can be across via a network to a machine with any different operating system you have it and with different GUI. Since java is high-level language it used to write applet and applications. An applet is a small program should send it cross the internet and interpreted on the client machine by a Java-aware browser. Java application can only be compiled and then run on the same machine. That why you cannot run the java if you do not have an application or a WWW page that refers to it. Once you decide to run the java you may have to change the properties of your browser this is a security issue in order to have the trust from your browser in order to use the compiler, that why when you do not recognize the compiler version you w ill face that your applet is rejected. 3.2.2 Visual Basic It is a programming language and environment developed for such type of windows or web application or reports and many purpose belong to development.[10]. since its launch in 1990, the Visual Basic come up to be the custom for programming languages. Now there are visual environments for many programming languages, including both C and C++, plus for Pascal and Java. Sometimes VB called RAD system because it is enable programmers to speedily build proposal applications. VB was one of the first products to supply interface environment for user, plus the VB programmers can insert a substantial quantity of code just by dragging and dropping control, like using buttons, text box, radio buttonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦act and then defining them by using the properties functions. Although not a true OOP language, it is sometimes known as an event-driven language because each object can act in response to several events for example when we use a mouse click. 3.2.3 C# Language C# is an object-oriented language. It is further includes support for component-oriented programming. C# has a unified type system. All C# types, have primitive types(int and double, inherit from a single object type). C# supports user-defined reference types and value types, allowing dynamic allocation of objects and-line storage of lightweight formations. C# programs consist of one or more source files .Concepts in C# are programs, namespaces, types, members, and assemblies. Programs declare types, which contain members and can be organized into namespaces. Classes and interfaces are examples of types. Fields, methods, properties, and events are examples of members. When C# programs are compiled, they are physically packaged into. Assemblies have both executable code in the form of Intermediate Language (IL) orders, and symbolic information in the form of metadata. Before the executed begin, the Intermediate Language code is directly changed to processor-specific code by help of the Just-In-Time compiler of .net Common Language Run time (CLR). Variables types: value types and reference types. value types include their data where variables of reference types store references to their data. With reference types, it is likely to have two variables to reference the same object helping for operations on one variable to affect the object referenced by the other variable. Through value types, the variables have their own copy of the data. It is possible on one to affect the other. 3.3 Research on Database 3.3.1 Research on SQL Server SQL Server Aclient server is made of two components: an application that is used to present the application data, and a database system that is used to store it. The application may used the visual studio 2005 or access or some other graphical user interface. And to store the database it is suitable to use SQL server. Database is a collection of objects stored in the SQL server. This collection of objects including tables, views, stored procedures, functions and other object necessary to build the database. As know the tables are the first generally thing that you add to a SQL server. And each table contains information about specific case. Once the tables are created the user should mentioned the keys for each table. SQL server stored procedures and compiled code and executed on the server. You can execute them through any client(VB.net, microsoft access, microsoft wordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) If you waant to modify the a stored procedure you can modify it from the server. The change you do impact to all user client thet call the stored procedure. Microsoft recognize that there is a plethora of database user with disparate needs. That why they release the following six version: SQL server 2005 Express edition SQL server 2005 workgroup edition SQL server 2005 developer edition SQL server 2005 standard edition SQL server 2005 enterprise edition SQL server 2005 mobile edition. Features are provided by database engine http://www.informit.com/guides/content.aspx?g=sqlserverseqNum=14 Clustering Services It is operating system allows the user to recover immediately from currently system to another. Replication services remains data in synchronization between SQL Server databases and other database like Oracle, Microsoft Accessect. other using for It is to send data to several systems. XML transfer data between mixed programs or data sources. SQL Server 2008 allow the user to report on SQL Server 2008 adds a new Policy Based Management system to SQL Server, which allows you to report on and put in force a exact pattern for any database object. SQL Server 2008 can track the performance and other data in a central location and raise a report. In SQL server a provider for power shell is including. This helps the user to save scrip programs and for windows, Microsoft exchange, and Microsoft office too. The SQL Server provider deals with SQL Server Instances, Databases and Database Objects . this let the user deal with them in perceptive way. Reporting services has been built in SQL server 2000 and to SQL server 2005 and next other modern versions. The feature helps the user to do their work through SQL server directly via the browser. 3.2.3 Research on Oracle The Oracle Database [12]referred to RDBMS or as Oracle (RDBMS). As of 2009[update], Oracle remains a major presence in database computing. Oracle RDBMS stored data logically in table spaces and in data files if the it is in physicaly form. Oracle DBM tracks the data stored with the help of the information that is stored in the system table space itself. In 1970, oracle was the first commercial relation database based on the relational language SQL. It is goes in such development; oracle tools could support many methodologies. Oracle users would purchase the database, but it was possible to purchase some tools that make up the oracle product rang but not others. Designer 2000 was formally known as oracle CASE, and is helpful on data and process modeling. Developer 2000 is used to build a application, once it has been designed using oracle designer 2000. Discoverer 2000 consists of a suite of user friendly query tools designed for ad-hoc reporting. The oracle database management system is central to these tools, through many ends -user are hardly aware of its presence. The main method of communicating directly with the oracle database is by using the SQL language. Although this stands for SQL. It enables the experienced user to do more than just handle queries. There are extensions to the basic SQL language provided on Oracle and together they from PL/SQL. The SQL optimizer attempts to make each SQL statements as efficient as possible when executed. SQL procedure can be trigger by certain events, for example after updating or deleting a record. The security feature are now very sophisticated; you need system previleges to access the database and object level privileges at different levels to query, insert, delete and updating, any object stored in the database. Data is validated through data constraints, that is, only allowing permitted values of data to be entered into the database Oracle database management tracks its data storage with the help of information stored in the system space table. Oracle RDBMS is supported localy managed table space which help store space management information in their headers better than in the table space. The history of Oracle database. (1979) was the first released Oracle version 2 (1982) released Oracle version 3 (1984) released Oracle version 4 (1986) released Oracle version 5 (1988) released especial version for OS mackintosh Oracle version 1 (1989) released Oracle version 6 (1993) released Oracle version 7 (1997) released Oracle version 8 (1999) released Oracle version 8i (2001) released Oracle version 9i (2003) released Oracle version 10g (2007) released Oracle version 11g 3.4 Research into Methodologies 3.4.1 Research into Traditional System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) The rapid increase in the power[13], speed and capacity of computers, and the demands of clients and the market-place have encouraged software developers to attempt to develop ever more ambitious systems. First attempt was in 1960s and early 1970s but this was a complex and system, it was difficult to maintain and did not do what was required. The system life cycle was an attempt to establish a structured approach to analyzing designing and building software systems. The system life cycle divided the development of system into stages. Feasibility Study: the development team visits the customer and studies their system. They investigate requires in the given system. End of the feasibility study, the team supply a document that holds the different specific recommendations for the candidate system, personnel assignments, costs, project schedule, target dates etc. The purpose of this phase is to find out the need and to define the problem that needs to be solved. Analysis and design: The software development process, the softwares overall structure and its nuances are defined. In terms of the client/server technology, the number of tiers needed for the package architecture, the database design, the data structure design etc are all defined in this phase. A software development model is thus created. Analysis and Design are very crucial in the whole development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be very expensive to solve in the later stage of the software development. Much care is taken during this phase. The logical system of the product is developed in this phase. Code Generation: The design must be translated into a machine-readable form. The code generation step performs this task. If the design is performed in a detailed manner, code generation can be accomplished without much complication. Programming tools like compilers, interpreters, debuggers etc are used to generate the code. Different high level programming languages like C, C++, Pascal, Java are used for coding. With respect to the type of application, the right programming language is chosen. Testing: The software program testing begins when the code is generated. There are Different testing methodologies are available to solve the bugs. Maintenance: Once the software delivered to the customer, maintenance phase is important for many reasons could change once the system is used by the clients. Bugs could happen because of some unexpected input values into the system and system directly affects the software operations. The software should be developed to accommodate changes that could happen during the post implementation period. 3.4.2 Structured System Analysis and Design Method (SSADM) it is one of the methodologies that launch to analysis and design of IS. It is consist into sequence of stages: Feasibility Stage Analyze the case that you have at a high level, by using Data Flow Diagram to explain how system is work and to think about the problems. These parts are including to this stage: Build up a Business Activity Model(BAM). Study the requirements. study the processing. Study data. Get logical view of present services. Define Requirements Stage Get an idea about the old environment, by know the system requirements and recognized the business environment by modeled them by using a DFD and Logical Data Structure. Requirements Specification Stage This stage is to assist the management, by using BSOs will telling the range and functionalities to provide and present them. They also need financial and risk evaluations to be prepared, and require to be supported by outline implementation reports. These parts are including to first stage: Develop mandatory data model. Receive system functions. Grow user job specifications. Enhance mandatory data model. Develop specification samples. Build up processing specification. Verify system objectives. Logical System Specification Stage Officially this stage is to choice the feasible options. The development/implementation environments are particular based on this choice. Logical System Specification Stage In this stage Both Processes and logical designs should update, as well the dialogs are specified these parts are including to this stage: Classify user dialogue. Define the updating processes. Classify enquiry processes. Physical Design Stage The purpose of this stage is to denote the physical data and process design. The way to define them is to use the language and features of physical environment and incorporating installation. These parts are including to this stage: Arranging for physical design. Supplement the specification of functions. Increase developing for both data and process designs. 3.4.3 Rapid Application Development (RAD) [15] Rapid application development is one of the agile method, it is shorten the life cycle and to produce information system more quickly in order to respond to rapidly changing business requirement . it develops the projects faster and higher quality by using groups to gather requirements. Requirement planning User design constructions cutover in requirement phase , developer seek to obtain input from users in order to determine set of system requirements. In the user phase, is based on the sample cycle, involving experienced users and developers. This phase is consisting of a sequence of workshops, each one of them may be takes three days. During this phase the Tool CASE is used to build the prototype. The construction phase is to produce or generate the code from the CASE prototype, and the new system is validated by users. The final phase is cutover. It is cover the system testing, users training and introduction of the system into the client organization. RAD has a number of obvious advantages: Resistance to change in the organization is minimized and the new system is welcome, because of the high degree of users participation in the whole process. The system is developed and delivered more quickly than with traditional development approaches. The speed of the development and the use of relatively small teams means that the RAD tend to be cheaper than their traditional counterparts. The speed of RAD means also it is closely related to current needs of the business. 3.4.5. Soft System Methodology Soft systems methodology (SSM) was developed by Peter Check land and his colleagues at Lancaster University in the 1970s [19]. It is designed to shape interventions in the problematic situations encountered in management, organizational and policy contexts, where there are often no straightforward problems or easy solutions. Though informed by systems engineering approaches, it breaks with them by recognizing the central importance of perspective or world-view in social situations. It differs significantly from the systems science approaches developed in the 1960s, and is more reflective of action research in its philosophy and approach. SSM is widely described as a seven-stage process, as follows: 1. Identifying the problematic situation that it is desired to intervene in 2. Researching the situation and building a rich picture (interpretive representation) of it 3. Selecting perspectives and building root definitions (key processes that need to take place within the desired system) 4. Developing a conceptual model of the change system 5. Comparing the model with the real-world situation 6. Defining the changes to be implemented 7. Taking action. Stage 1: finding out is concerned with identifying and providing a brief description of the situation it is desired to intervene in. Stage 2: modeling This stage is concerned with producing definitions of transformation processes that should achieve the desired intervention(s). Stage 3: dialogue Conceptually the dialogue stage involves examining the change model against the real-world situation, usually as represented by the rich picture and associated analyses, and checking that it makes sense. Often the change model needs adjusting, and sometimes the rich picture needs to be developed further. Stage 4: defining and taking action This stage will vary depending on the specific change project, but essentially it involves developing the (revised) change model into a concrete

Crime and the Media Essay -- essays research papers

Crime and the Media The public depends on the news media for its understanding of crime. Reportedly three quarters (76%) of the public say, they form their opinions about crime from what they see or read in the news (Dorfman & Schiraldi, 2001). After reviewing five hours of reality crime television shows, one is left with a very dismal look on society and a prejudice towards minorities as they are largely depicted as the perpetrators of crime. This new genre commonly referred to as reality television appears to be sweeping the nation by storm. Opinions vary, depending on whom you ask, to what extent reality plays a role versus the selling of a product. Sensationalism, advertising, ratings hype, profiling and fear all comprise the mass medias’ marketing strategy to America. Sadly, what we see portrayed by television shows such as â€Å"COPS† have contributed largely and in some cases unjustly to the prejudices that are present today. The predominant races of the suspects portrayed in the episodes of COPS were African Americans (Langley, 2005). The predominant genders of the suspects were male. However, the May 5, 2005, episode of COPS featured an exclusive on COPS: Bad Girls (Langley, 2005). Combining the special episode with the four and a half hours of regular viewing of COPS the numbers still reflect the predominance of suspects featured are African American males (Langley, 2005). In two cases out of the nineteen viewed, the suspects were Caucasian, and the reason for the stop was expired tags. This stop was handled much differently than the previous stop. The officers were not aggressive when they approached the car, and the incident proceeded in a civilized manner. Ironically, in the scene prior to the present, the officers had observed an African American suspect in a drug area with expired tags, and the encounter was very different. A car chase ensued, an ultimate arrest with the suspect forced to the grou nd in an aggressive manner, searched, and hand cuffed. The officers suggest to the audience their suspicions that drugs may be involved. Ultimately, their suspicions prove correct when the cameras capture the crack cocaine hidden in the pants of the suspect. Of the crimes, featured 90% were drug related and 10% were associated with domestic crimes. On the COPS episode aired on May 6, 2005, the suspect, African American observed in an undercover sti... ...stice system. Dr. West points out â€Å"The urgent problem of black poverty is primarily due to the distribution of wealth, power, and income-a distribution influenced by the racial caste system that denied opportunities to most "qualified" black people until two decades ago.† (West, 1994. p. 93-5). Clearly, economics contributed to the criminal propensities of the suspect viewed. The African American suspects compared to their counterparts, appeared scary, drug crazed and out of control. While it is unfortunate, people still believe, if it is on television it must be true. Reality crime television provides a false sense of legitimacy. Those that watch the show, often forget that in the final analysis, it is television, and the main point of television programming is to entertain, sell advertisement and achieve the best ratings possible. References Dorfman, L, & Schiraldi, V. (2001). Off balance: youth, race & crime in the news. Building Blocks for Youth Law Center. Retrieved May 5, 2005, from www.buildingblocksforyouth.org Langley, J. (Producer). (2005). COPS. (Television series). New York: Fox. West, C. (1994). Race matters. New York: Vintage Publishers.

Analyze 3 different newspaper articles Essay

In this piece of coursework I am going to analyze 3 different newspaper articles. The articles are taken from ‘The Mirror,’ ‘The Times’ and ‘Newsweek’ All three articles are about the same event, they are just portrayed in the different ways. The articles are about a jet cutting through a cable car wire allowing the cable cars to plummet to the ground, killing 20 people. The incident happened on the 3rd of February 1998, Cavalese, Northern Italy, on Alpe Cermis. The first two articles from ‘The Mirror’ and ‘The Times’ are reporting the story where as Newsweek is reflecting on the accident, Newsweek also issues the story a week and a half late, therefore cannot report the facts but reflect on them. Newsweek doesn’t contain that much information on what actually happened in Cavalese, it skips over the details of the accident and seems to be more about what Europe, and in particular Italy are concerned about. The Mirror article tends to leave certain facts out, such as the time it occurred, which is included in The Times account. Newsweek provided no date of the event but say ‘last week’ The Times article is definitely more factual as it contains a lot more technical jargon than The Mirror. It includes information about the U. S. fighter jet – â€Å"The Prowler is used to jam enemy signals electronically†¦. † none of which is found in The Mirror article, Newsweek also contains information about the fighter jet and also information about the military issues between America and Italy. The Mirror account includes a greater amount of detail, by listing the names of each of the witnesses alongside their quotations. In The Times, it tends to be vague and just use the term â€Å"one witness said†. Newsweek uses quotes from military officials and local authorities. The Times and Newsweek’s report relies heavily on official interviews rather than the passers by which The Mirror relies upon. The Mirror also includes more quotations from the witnesses than The Times does. Newsweek does not use any quotations or interviews from eye-witnesses at the scene. Both The Mirror and The Times specify who the victims were – â€Å"9 women, 10 men and 1 child†. And also their nationalities – â€Å"at least 6 were German, 2 Hungarian and 2 Polish. † This causes a greater sympathy because it makes the deaths seem more important and more in depth. But Newsweek says â€Å"20 tourists from seven European countries† but it is reported it is only tourists from 3 different European countries. Even the sub-headline says that ‘Europe questions America’s character’. This all starts to confuse the reader and so does not give an accurate picture of the incident. The words used also try to disagree with the facts of the incident. Words like ‘griped’ and ‘claimed’ both suggest that there was nothing wrong and everyone was ‘ganging up’ against America. In The Times, the witness interviewed is not British, so the Times keeps the story international. An unreasonable complaint is made in the first line, which may show their guilt: â€Å"Cavalese had griped about the fighter jets that regularly roar up their Alpine river valley. † In addition to this the paper attempts diluting the blame by saying that the fighter jets were just â€Å"hot-dogging†, also claiming that the Italian authorities condone low-flying: â€Å"Italian military officials routinely defended low level flights†¦ † Finally, the last paragraph of the report supplies an extravagantly tenuous link: â€Å"The pope had personally pleaded for the convicted murderer to be pardoned. † This is designed to conceal. All three articles made use of interviews, but the manner in which they were used differed; For example in The Mirror, a British couple, Neil Harmar and his girlfriend, Stacey O’Donnell, gave a lengthy interview and informed us that they â€Å"missed the second car by minutes. † They said that â€Å"all hell let loose† and stated that they were â€Å"shook up. † Furthermore, they described the village as being in a state of â€Å"complete pandemonium. † The couple reiterated how thankful they were that they â€Å"missed that car,† and the fact that they were â€Å"incredibly lucky to be alive. † Even though the British couple did not provide a lot of information about the incident itself, they did help to describe the atmosphere and their feelings on the situation. The British couple were interviewed primarily because of the fact that they were British; the target audience of this British paper are British people, therefore, the majority of people would be interested in hearing about events concerning British citizens. All three articles had interviews with people who possessed various details about the aircraft prior to it hitting the cable car wire. In The Mirror, this interview was quite brief. Cristina Antoniazzi, the owner of a nearby hotel, said that she â€Å"heard and saw a plane flying at a very low level. † This message was also present in an interview in The Times. An anonymous witness said that the jet had â€Å"seemed† to have â€Å"technical trouble,† and described the jet as â€Å"screaming through the sky† like a â€Å"thing in torment. † Another source in The Times also stated that the jet had been flying â€Å"very, very low. † All three of these interviews were supplied using direct speech. In contrast, the interview in Newsweek was given using reported speech- Italy’s Air Force chief, Mario Arpino, said that the Prowler was â€Å"four miles off course† and was also flying â€Å"3,300 feet below the altitude designated in the flight plan. † These particular interviews were used in order to provide an image of the events immediately before the plane hit the cable car. Each article also had interviews with people who objected to low flying by the Americans. In The Mirror, Regional President, Carlo Andreotti, was quoted as saying â€Å"We’ve had enough of these war games’ The headline of The Mirrors article is, ’20 skiers killed as jet slices cable car wire’ The writer has used the word ‘skiers’ to create more sympathy to the people that died as it shows that they were just innocent people on holiday who wanted to have a good time. The headline says ‘killed’ as to imply it was not totally accidental and could have been prevented, it also shows it was unprovoked. It also says ‘slices’ as this makes the incident sound more violent and deliberate and gives the reader the idea that there was no chance for the skiers inside the cable car. The article also has a few more presentational devices which the broadsheet the times does not. It has a subtitle ‘Brits tell of horror in snow’ which relates to the reader as they will be British too and will want to know what this ‘horror’ is. The first paragraph is in bold, which shows it is different from the rest of the article because it is there to sum up the rest of the article. The article has a box with a quote in it ‘It opened up like a cardboard box’ This would attract attention to the article if the reader was flicking through the newspaper and would want to know more. At the end of the article there is a big bullet point which contains a fact about cable car accidents. This article uses language to create a much more emotional impact than The Times as it says things like, ‘They were killed instantly when the car was ripped apart ‘like a cardboard box’. Using this metaphor is very effective as it makes the people inside seem totally helpless and creates a lot of sympathy for them. They also say, â€Å"Rescuers found now survivors amid the tangled wreckage and bloodstained snow. † I think this is a very effective paragraph and it creates an atmosphere of destruction and complete devastation. A graphical picture of the event in The Mirror lets the readers visualize what the scene of the accident was like, using essential details and words so that the reader can effortlessly understand the unpleasant incident. The Mirror also provides a photographical image of the scene and annotates it using dramatic words such as ‘doomed. ‘ The Times shows a map of the area where the event was situated, making readers aware of the location of the tourist venue. And the image of the EA-6B Prowler shows readers the cause of the tragedy. The main image above the text is eye catching in the way it shows workers trying to rescues any survivors. Newsweek not using any pictures, but a headline that will catch attention ‘Blood on the Snow. ‘ The sub-heading in a box of two lines standing out making the reader aware of what the article is about. In conclusion the news was best portrayed in The Mirror, it provided names of witnesses making the news much more reliable, and British citizens used as witnesses was also a good way to grad attention of British readers.